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- Moodie, Lindon W. K., et al.
(författare)
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Design and Biological Evaluation of Antifouling Dihydrostilbene Oxime Hybrids
- 2018
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Ingår i: Marine Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-2228 .- 1436-2236. ; 20:2, s. 257-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By combining the recently reported repelling natural dihydrostilbene scaffold with an oxime moiety found in many marine antifoulants, a library of nine antifouling hybrid compounds was developed and biologically evaluated. The prepared compounds were shown to display a low antifouling effect against marine bacteria but a high potency against the attachment and growth of microalgae down to MIC values of 0.01 mu g/mL for the most potent hybrid. The mode of action can be characterized as repelling via a reversible non-toxic biostatic mechanism. Barnacle cyprid larval settlement was also inhibited at low mu g/mL concentrations with low levels or no toxicity observed. Several of the prepared compounds performed better than many reported antifouling marine natural products. While several of the prepared compounds are highly active as antifoulants, no apparent synergy is observed by incorporating the oxime functionality into the dihydrostilbene scaffold. This observation is discussed in light of recently reported literature data on related marine natural antifoulants and antifouling hybrids as a potentially general strategy for generation of improved antifoulants.
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- Trepos, R., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of cationic micropeptides derived from the innate immune system as inhibitors of marine biofouling
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biofouling. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0892-7014 .- 1029-2454. ; 31:4, s. 393-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of 13 short synthetic amphiphilic cationic micropeptides, derived from the antimicrobial iron-binding innate defence protein lactoferrin, have been evaluated for their capacity to inhibit the marine fouling process. The whole biofouling process was studied and microfouling organisms such as marine bacteria and microalgae were included as well as the macrofouling barnacle Balanus improvisus. In total 19 different marine fouling organisms (18 microfoulers and one macrofouler) were included and both the adhesion and growth of the microfoulers were investigated. It was shown that the majority of the peptides inhibited barnacle cyprid settlement via a reversible nontoxic mechanism, with IC50 values as low as 0.5 mu g ml(-1). Six peptides inhibited adhesion and growth of microorganisms. Two of these were particularly active against the microfoulers with MIC-values ranging between 0.01 and 1 mu g ml(-1), which is comparable with the commercial reference antifoulant SeaNine.
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- Wands, Amberlyn M, et al.
(författare)
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Fucosylation and protein glycosylation create functional receptors for cholera toxin.
- 2015
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Ingår i: eLife. - 2050-084X. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cholera toxin (CT) enters and intoxicates host cells after binding cell surface receptors using its B subunit (CTB). The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 is thought to be the sole CT receptor; however, the mechanism by which CTB binding to GM1 mediates internalization of CT remains enigmatic. Here we report that CTB binds cell surface glycoproteins. Relative contributions of gangliosides and glycoproteins to CTB binding depend on cell type, and CTB binds primarily to glycoproteins in colonic epithelial cell lines. Using a metabolically incorporated photocrosslinking sugar, we identified one CTB-binding glycoprotein and demonstrated that the glycan portion of the molecule, not the protein, provides the CTB interaction motif. We further show that fucosylated structures promote CTB entry into a colonic epithelial cell line and subsequent host cell intoxication. CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins are present in normal human intestinal epithelia and could play a role in cholera.
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- Moodie, Lindon W. K., et al.
(författare)
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Prevention of Marine Biofouling Using the Natural Allelopathic Compound Batatasin-Ill and Synthetic Analogues
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Natural Products. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0163-3864 .- 1520-6025. ; 80:7, s. 2001-2011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study reports the first comprehensive evaluation of a class of allelopathic terrestrial natural products as antifoulants in a marine setting. To investigate the antifouling potential of the natural dihydrostilbene scaffold, a library of 22 synthetic dihydrostilbenes with varying substitution patterns, many of which occur naturally in terrestrial plants, were prepared and assessed for their antifouling capacity. The compounds were evaluated in an extensive screen against 16 fouling marine organisms. The dihydrostilbene scaffold was shown to possess powerful general antifouling effects against both marine microfoulers and macrofoulers with inhibitory activities at low concentrations. The species of microalgae examined displayed a particular sensitivity toward the evaluated compounds at low ng/mL concentrations. It was shown that several of the natural and synthetic compounds exerted their repelling activities via nontoxic and reversible mechanisms. The activities of the most active compounds such as 3,5-dimethoxybibenzyl (5), 3,4-dimethoxybibenzyl (9), and 3-hyolroxy-3',4,5'-trirnethoxybibenzyl (20) were comparable to the commercial antifouling booster biocide. Sea-nine, which was employed as a positive control. The investigation of terrestrial allelopathic natural products to counter marine fouling represents a novel strategy for the design of "green" antifouling technologies, and these compounds offer a potential alternative to traditional biocidal antifoulants.
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- Mårtensson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a honeybee lactic acid bacterial microbiome on human nasal symptoms, commensals, and biomarkers
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology. - : Wiley. - 2042-6984 .- 2042-6976. ; 6:9, s. 956-963
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can restore commensal microbiomes and prevent infections. Arguably, nasal administrations of LAB may therefore be beneficial in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Previous studies have examined effects of topical/nasal LAB in children with secretory otitis media, but little is as yet known about their effects on the human nasal airway. The aim of this pilot study was to examine effects on nasal symptoms and commensal bacteria in healthy subjects of nasal administration of a honeybee LAB microbiome; ie, a mixture of 9 Lactobacillus spp. and 4 Bifidobacterium spp. obtained from the honeybee Apis mellifera. Furthermore, we aimed to assess whether or not the honeybee LAB produced a local inflammatory response.METHODS: Twenty-two healthy subjects received a single administration of honeybee LAB in a sham-controlled, double-blinded, and crossover design. Using questionnaires, microbiological methods, and nasal lavages, they were assessed regarding symptoms, changes to commensal bacteria, and inflammatory products in nasal lavage fluids.RESULTS: The honeybee LAB did not produce any symptoms or other untoward effects. No changes were observed of commensal bacteria by the honeybee LAB, and no inflammatory response was detected (compared to sham); ie, unaffected nasal lavage fluid levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8), monokine induced by interferon-γ (MIG), interleukin-15 (IL-15), epidermal growth factor (EGF), eotaxin, interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (IP-10), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA).CONCLUSION: A single human nasal administration of a honeybee LAB microbiome is well tolerated. Specifically, it does not affect commensal bacteria and does not produce an inflammatory response.
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