| 1. |
- Guenther, L., et al.
(författare)
-
Efficacy and safety of a new combination of calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate (once or twice daily) compared to calcipotriol (twice daily) in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled clinical trial.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 147:2, s. 316-323
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate are both widely used, effective treatments for psoriasis. Vitamin D analogues and topical corticosteroids have different mechanisms of action in the treatment of psoriasis. A new vehicle has been developed in order to contain both calcipotriol (50 micro g g-1) and betamethasone dipropionate (0.5 mg g-1) in an ointment form. By using calcipotriol and a corticosteroid together, greater efficacy may be achieved than by using either compound alone. Objectives The present study was conducted in order to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of the combined ointment formulation used once daily with the vehicle ointment used twice daily, calcipotriol ointment used twice daily and the combined formulation used twice daily in psoriasis vulgaris. Methods This was an international, multicentre, prospective, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, parallel group, 4-week study in patients with psoriasis vulgaris amenable to topical treatment. Patients were randomized to one of four treatment groups: combined formulation once daily, combined formulation twice daily, calcipotriol twice daily or vehicle twice daily. Efficacy and safety were assessed. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the mean percentage change in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) from baseline to end of treatment between the two combined formulation groups, but the difference in PASI reduction was significantly higher in the combined formulation groups (68.6% once daily, 73.8% twice daily) than in both the twice daily calcipotriol group (58.8%) and the vehicle group (26.6%). Safety data showed the frequency of adverse events to be less in the combined formulation groups than in both the calcipotriol group and the vehicle group. The proportion of patients with lesional/perilesional adverse reactions was less in the combined formulation groups and vehicle group than in the calcipotriol group (9.9% combined formulation once daily, 10.6% combined formulation twice daily, 19.8% calcipotriol, 12.5% vehicle). Conclusions No statistically significant nor clinically relevant difference in efficacy was seen between the combined formulation used once daily and twice daily. When compared to vehicle ointment or calcipotriol ointment alone, the combined formulation was shown to be clearly more efficacious.
|
|
| 2. |
- Carolipio, E. M., et al.
(författare)
-
The toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmode structure in DIII-D : Implications of soft x-ray and beam-ion loss data
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Physics of Plasmas. - : AIP Publishing. - 1070-664X .- 1089-7674. ; 8:7, s. 3391-3401
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The internal structure of the toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmode (TAE) is studied by comparing soft x-ray profile and beam ion loss data taken during TAE activity in the DIII-D tokamak [W. W. Heidbrink , Nucl. Fusion 37, 1411 (1997)] with predictions from theories based on ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), gyrofluid, and gyrokinetic models. The soft x-ray measurements indicate a centrally peaked eigenfunction, a feature which is closest to the gyrokinetic model's prediction. The beam ion losses are simulated using a guiding center code. In the simulations, the TAE eigenfunction calculated using the ideal MHD model acts as a perturbation to the equilibrium field. The predicted beam ion losses are an order of magnitude less than the observed similar to6%-8% losses at the peak experimental amplitude of deltaB(r)/B(0)similar or equal to2-5x10(-4).
|
|
| 3. |
- Cho, H., et al.
(författare)
-
Ultradeep, low-damage dry etching of SiC
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 76:6, s. 739-741
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Schottky barrier height (Phi(B)) and reverse breakdown voltage (V-B) of Au/n-SiC diodes were used to examine the effect of inductively coupled plasma SF6/O-2 discharges on the near-surface electrical properties of SiC. For low ion energies (less than or equal to 60 eV) in the discharge, there is minimal change in Phi(B) and V-B, but both parameters degrade at higher energies. Highly anisotropic features typical of through-wafer via holes were formed in SiC using an Al mask.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Hadjiev, V. G., et al.
(författare)
-
Symmetry of phonon, magnetic, and spin-phonon excitations in GdSr2RuCu2O8 single crystals
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a polarized Raman scattering study of GdSr2RuCu2O8 single crystals. In this compound, the RuO6 octahedra are rotated around the c axis that in turn gives some Raman activity of the oxygen (O-Ru) vibrations at 265 cm(-1) (A(1g)), 411 cm(-1) (B-2g) and 607 cm(-1) (B-1g). These vibrations, as well as those of the apical oxygen of RuO6, at 654 cm(-1) (A(1g)) and the Cu-plane oxygen at 318 cm(-1) (B-2g), clearly respond to the onset of magnetic ordering at T-m approximate to 140 K. In particular, the 265 cm(-1) mode hardens anomalously with decreasing temperature below T-m. Notably, the corresponding phonon line is absent in the Raman spectra of GdSr2NbCu2O8 (Nb5+:4d(0)), a compound isomorphic to GdSr2RuCu2O8 (Ru5+:4d(3)). We argue that the eigenvector of the 265 cm(-1) phonon (rotational mode) facilitates efficient modulation of the Ru(t(1g))-O-Ru (p) bands. This modulation gives both Raman scattering strength to the 265 cm(-1) mode and strong spin-phonon coupling.
|
|
| 6. |
- Liu, Yueqiang, 1971, et al.
(författare)
-
Feedback and rotational stabilization of resistive wall modes in ITER
- 2004
-
Ingår i: 20th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference,Vilamoura, Portugal, 1-6 November 2004. ; TH, s. 2-1
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Different models have been introduced in the stability code MARS-F in order tostudy the damping effect of resistive wall modes (RWM) in rotating plasmas. Benchmarkof MARS-F calculations with RWM experiments on JET and D3D indicates thatthe semi-kinetic damping model is a good candidate for explaining the dampingmechanisms. Based on these results, the critical rotation speeds required forRWM stabilization in an advanced ITER scenario are predicted. Active feedbackcontrol of the $n=1$ RWM in ITER is also studied using the MARS-F code.
|
|
