| 1. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Aid and child health: Local effects of aid on stunting in Malawi
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Motivated by a recent setback in the fight against child malnutrition, this study explores whether aid projects help to reduce stunting, or impaired growth, among children in the local area. Focusing on Malawi, a country with very high stunting prevalence and for which we have access to geo-referenced data on aid projects from a broad range of donors, we geographically match spatial data on 778 aid project sites of 22 different donors with anthropometric and background data on 26,604 children under the age of 5. To identify the effect of aid, we rely on spatial and temporal variation in aid project coverage and survey rollout, coupled with variation in childbirth years in relation to project start. The empirical results consistently indicate a positive impact of early life aid exposure on child growth. The positive treatment effect materializes already for children born in the early project implementation phase and lasts for children born up to 3 years after project start and is seemingly driven primarily by multilateral aid and projects focusing on rural development, vulnerability, infrastructure, and education.
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| 2. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of Social Support with Sexual Practices, Health Behaviours, and Health Outcomes Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Several studies have reported on the benefits of social support for health behaviour, including risky sex. Social support may thus be an important resource for promoting individual health and well-being, particularly in regions where HIV rates are high and healthcare resources are scarce. However, prior research on the implications of social support for the health behaviour of young women has yielded mixed and inconclusive findings. Using prospective data from young women in South Africa, this study examines the associations of social support with subsequent sexual practices, health behaviour, and health outcomes. Methods We used two rounds of longitudinal data from a sample of n=1446 HIV-negative emerging adult women, aged 18 to 29 years, who participated in a population-based HIV study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Applying the analytic template for outcome-wide longitudinal designs, we estimated the associations between combinations of social support (i.e., tangible, educational, emotional) and ten HIV-risk related outcomes. Results Combinations of tangible, educational, and emotional support, as well as tangible support by itself, were associated with lower risk for several outcomes, whereas educational and emotional support, by themselves or together, showed little evidence of association with the outcomes. Conclusions This study highlights the protective role of tangible support in an environment of widespread poverty, and the additional effect of combining tangible support with non-tangible support. The findings strengthen recent evidence on the benefits of combining support in the form of cash and food with psychosocial care in mitigating risk behaviours associated with HIV and negative health outcomes among young women.
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| 3. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954
(författare)
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Fairtrade and Market Efficiency: Fairtrade-Labeled Coffee in the Swedish Coffee Market
- 2020
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Ingår i: Economies. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-7099. ; 8:2, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fairtrade labeling has the potential to increase market efficiency by connecting farmers to altruistic consumers who are willing to pay a premium for sustainability-certified products. A requirement for increased efficiency, though, is that the farmers’ benefits are larger than the Fairtrade processing costs and the excess payment by consumers that does not accrue to farmers; otherwise direct transfers to farmers would be more efficient. This paper analyzes how excess payment for Fairtrade-labeled coffee is distributed in the Swedish market, using information on production costs and scanner data on almost all roasted and ground coffee products sold by retailers. A key finding is that roasters and retailers get 61–70%, while producer countries, in this paper comprising coffee farmers, cooperatives, middlemen, exporters, and Fairtrade International, get 24–31%; Fairtrade Sweden gets 6–8%. These values are the upper and lower bounds that reflect assumptions made about the additional costs of producing roasted and ground Fairtrade coffee, given the cost of beans and the Fairtrade license. The Fairtrade label thus seems to create a coffee product that roasters and retailers can use to exploit their market power.
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| 4. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954
(författare)
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Gender Policy and Intimate Partner Violence in Colombia
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 1995, Colombia signed the first legally binding international treaty that criminalizes all forms of violence against women. After this, the government took a number of steps to improve laws and policies, but progress was slow. This paper employs a differences-in differences approach and Demographic and Health Surveys from 2010 and 2015 to estimate the impact of a renewed effort to reduce intimate partner violence (IPV), based on recommendations by the UN. To identify the effect of the national policies, it uses the fact that while the central government passes laws and formulates policies, it partly relies on departments (provinces) to implement them. Of Colombia’s 33 departments, about a quarter had a gender policy in place by 2010. The main finding is that self-reported physical violence decreased from 20% to 16% between 2010 and 2015 in departments that had implemented IPV policies, while it stayed at 18% in the others.
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| 5. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954
(författare)
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Gender policy and intimate partner violence in Colombia.
- 2023
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Ingår i: PloS one. - 1932-6203. ; 18:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1995, Colombia signed the first legally binding international treaty that criminalizes all forms of violence against women. Subsequently, the government took several steps to improve laws and policies, but the progress was slow. This study uses a differences-in-differences approach and Demographic and Health Survey data to estimate the impact of a renewed effort to reduce intimate partner violence (IPV), based on recommendations by the UN. To identify the effect of the national policies, it uses the fact that while the central government passes laws and formulates policies, it partly relies on departments (provinces) to implement them. Of Colombia's 32 departments and Bogota D.C., approximately a quarter had some type of gender policy in place by 2011. The main finding is that self-reported intimate partner violence decreased from 20% to 16% between 2010 and 2015 in departments that had implemented IPV policies, while it remained at 19% in the others.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Govender, Kaymarlin, et al.
(författare)
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Depression symptoms, HIV testing, linkage to ART, and viral suppression among women in a high HIV burden district in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A cross-sectional household study.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Health Psychology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-7277 .- 1359-1053. ; 27:4, s. 935-945
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Achieving the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets by 2020 is contingent on identifying and addressing mental health challenges that may affect HIV testing and treatment-related behaviors. This study is based on survey data from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2014-2015). HIV positive women who reported higher depression scores had a lower odds of having tested previously for HIV (15-25years: AOR=0.90, 95% CI [0.83, 0.98]; 26-49years: AOR=0.90, 95% CI [0.84, 0.96]). Because HIV testing behavior represents a gateway to treatment, the findings suggest mental health may be one challenge to attaining the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets.
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| 8. |
- Isaksson, Ann-Sofie, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Aid and institutions: Local effects of World Bank aid on perceived institutional quality in Africa
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Motivated by the lack of sub-national empirical evidence on the relationship between aid and institutional development, this study explores the local effects of World Bank aid on perceived institutional quality in African aid receiving countries. We combine geo-referenced data on the subnational allocation of World Bank aid projects to Africa over the 1995-2014 period with geo-coded survey data for 73,640 respondents across 12 Sub-Saharan African countries. To account for the endogenous placement of World Bank project sites, we compare the estimated effect of living near a site where a World Bank project was under implementation or completed at the time of the interview, to that of living near a site where we know that a World Bank project appeared after the survey date. The empirical results suggest a positive impact of World Bank aid on perceived institutional quality, as measured by citizens’ expressed willingness to abide by key formal institutions. This applies even if we consider overall World Bank aid, i.e. not just projects specifically targeted at institutional development. As may be expected, however, the estimated effects are more pronounced when restricting our attention to projects focusing on institution building. Notably, the observed effects concern finalized projects, not projects still under implementation, highlighting that institutional change is a slow process.
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| 9. |
- Isaksson, Ann Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Aid and institutions: Local effects of World Bank aid on perceived institutional quality in Africa
- 2022
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Ingår i: Review of International Organizations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-7431 .- 1559-744X. ; 18, s. 523-551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motivated by the lack of sub-national empirical evidence on the relationship between aid and institutional development, this study explores the local effects of World Bank aid on perceived institutional quality in African aid receiving countries. We combine geo-referenced data on the subnational allocation of World Bank aid projects to Africa over the 1995–2014 period with geo-coded survey data for 73,640 respondents across 12 Sub-Saharan African countries. The empirical results, which are robust across a wide range of specifications as well as to using alternative identification strategies, suggest a positive impact of World Bank aid on citizens’ expressed willingness to abide by key formal institutions. This applies for overall World Bank aid, but as may be expected, the estimated effects are more pronounced when restricting our attention to projects focusing on institution building. Notably, the observed effects concern finalized projects, not projects still under implementation, highlighting that institutional change is a slow process.
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| 10. |
- Isaksson, Ann-Sofie, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Lokala effekter av bistånd på tilltron till institutioner
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - 0345-2646. ; 50:1, s. 48-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Medan vikten av att utveckla välfungerande statliga institutioner i utvecklingsländer är okontroversiell så är frågan om huruvida givare hjälper eller stjälper denna process omtvistad. Resultaten i denna studie, som undersöker lokala effekter av Världsbankens biståndsprojekt på medborgares förtroende för viktiga samhällsinstitutioner i Afrika söder om Sahara, ger dock anledning till optimism.
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