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- Betz, Mattias J., et al.
(författare)
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Human Brown Adipose Tissue: What We Have Learned So Far
- 2015
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 64:7, s. 2352-2360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a unique tissue that is able to convert chemical energy directly into heat when activated by the sympathetic nervous system. While initially believed to be of relevance only in human newborns and infants, research during recent years provided unequivocal evidence of active BAT in human adults. Moreover, it has become clear that BAT plays an important role in insulin sensitivity in rodents and humans. This has opened the possibility for exciting new therapies for obesity and diabetes. This review summarizes the current state of research with a special focus on recent advances regarding BAT and insulin resistance in human adults. Additionally, we provide an outlook on possible future therapeutic uses of BAT in the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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| 2. |
- Enerbäck, Sven, 1958
(författare)
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Casein Kinase 2 - A Kinase that Inhibits Brown Fat Formation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cell Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1550-4131 .- 1932-7420. ; 22:6, s. 958-959
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In adipose tissue, there is a delicate balance between storing and expending energy. In this issue, Shinoda et al. (2015) use phosphoproteomics to identify casein kinase 2 (CK2) as a suppressor of brown adipocyte formation, providing insights into how adipose tissue regulates its composition of white versus brown adipocytes. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.
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| 3. |
- Romu, Thobias, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Brown Adipose Tissue by Water-Fat Separated Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. - : Wiley. - 1053-1807 .- 1522-2586. ; 42:6, s. 1639-1645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To evaluate the possibility of quantifying brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume and fat concentration with a high resolution, long echo time, dual-echo Dixon imaging protocol. Methods: A 0.42 mm isotropic resolution water-fat separated MRI protocol was implemented by using the second opposite-phase echo and third in-phase echo. Fat images were calibrated with regard to the intensity of nearby white adipose tissue (WAT) to form relative fat content (RFC) images. To evaluate the ability to measure BAT volume and RFC contrast dynamics, rats were divided into two groups that were kept at 48 or 22 degrees C for 5 days. The rats were then scanned in a 70 cm bore 3.0 Tesla MRI scanner and a human dual energy CT. Interscapular, paraaortal, and perirenal BAT (i/pa/pr-BAT) depots as well as WAT and muscle were segmented in the MRI and CT images. Biopsies were collected from the identified BAT depots. Results: The biopsies confirmed that the three depots identified with the RFC images consisted of BAT. There was a significant linear correlation (P< 0.001) between the measured RFC and the Hounsfield units from DECT. Significantly lower iBAT RFC (P=0.0064) and significantly larger iBAT and prBAT volumes (P=0.0017) were observed in the cold stimulated rats. Conclusion: The calibrated Dixon images with RFC scaling can depict BAT and be used to measure differences in volume, and fat concentration, induced by cold stimulation. The high correlation between RFC and HU suggests that the fat concentration is the main RFC image contrast mechanism.
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