| 1. |
- Eriksson, Moa, et al.
(författare)
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The Variation of University Physics Students' Experience of Plus and Minus Signs in 1D Vector-kinematics Revisited
- 2022
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Ingår i: African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1811-7295 .- 2469-7656. ; 26:1, s. 63-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article revisits and expands upon a previous phenomenographic study characterising the qualitatively different ways in which South African undergraduate physics students may experience the use of +/- signs in one-dimensional kinematics (1DK). We find the original categorisation as applicable for interpreting Swedish university-level students' responses to 1DK questions. However, by way of a typology of potential learning outcomes associated with +/- signs in 1DK, our review of the topic reveals that the original study's treatment misses the implications of +/- signs related to time rate of change and graphical shape. We also add to the description of students' experience of +/- signs in 1DK by incorporating ideas from the Variation Theory of Learning and by focusing on some of the aspects of +/- signs in 1DK that were underemphasized in the original study. Our analysis thus provides a template for physics educators to support students' conceptual understanding of sign conventions in vector kinematics.
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| 2. |
- Aghajanian, G. K., et al.
(författare)
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Torgny Svensson, M.D., Ph.D. (1945-2020)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1740-634X. ; 45:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Bandelow, B., et al.
(författare)
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World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders - Version 3. Part I: Anxiety disorders
- 2023
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Ingår i: World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1562-2975 .- 1814-1412. ; 24:2, s. 118-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim This is the third version of the guideline of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Task Force for the Pharmacological Treatment of Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders (published in 2002, revised in 2008). Method A consensus panel of 33 international experts representing 22 countries developed recommendations based on efficacy and acceptability of available treatments. In total, 1007 RCTs for the treatment of these disorders in adults, adolescents, and children with medications, psychotherapy and other non-pharmacological interventions were evaluated, applying the same rigorous methods that are standard for the assessment of medications. Result This paper, Part I, contains recommendations for the treatment of panic disorder/agoraphobia (PDA), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), specific phobias, mixed anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, separation anxiety and selective mutism. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are first-line medications. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the first-line psychotherapy for anxiety disorders. The expert panel also made recommendations for patients not responding to standard treatments and recommendations against interventions with insufficient evidence. Conclusion It is the goal of this initiative to provide treatment guidance for these disorders that has validity throughout the world.
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| 4. |
- Bandelow, B., et al.
(författare)
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World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders - Version 3. Part II: OCD and PTSD
- 2023
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Ingår i: World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1562-2975 .- 1814-1412. ; 24:2, s. 118-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This is the third version of the guideline of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Task Force for the Pharmacological Treatment of Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders which was published in 2002 and revised in 2008. Method: A consensus panel of 34 international experts representing 22 countries developed recommendations based on efficacy and acceptability of the treatments. In this version, not only medications but also psychotherapies and other non-pharmacological interventions were evaluated, applying the same rigorous methods that are standard for the assessment of medication treatments. Result: The present paper (Part II) contains recommendations based on published randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for the treatment of OCD (n = 291) and PTSD (n = 234) in children, adolescents, and adults. The accompanying paper (Part I) contains the recommendations for the treatment of anxiety disorders. For OCD, first-line treatments are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Internet-CBT was also superior to active controls. Several second-line medications are available, including clomipramine. For treatment-resistant cases, several options are available, including augmentation of SSRI treatment with antipsychotics and other drugs. Other non-pharmacological treatments, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), deep brain stimulation (DBS) and others were also evaluated. For PTSD, SSRIs and the SNRI venlafaxine are first-line treatments. CBT is the psychotherapy modality with the best body of evidence. For treatment-unresponsive patients, augmentation of SSRI treatment with antipsychotics may be an option. Conclusion: OCD and PTSD can be effectively treated with CBT and medications.
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| 5. |
- Bergquist, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacokinetics of Intravenously (DIZ101), Subcutaneously (DIZ102), and Intestinally (LCIG) Infused Levodopa in Advanced Parkinson Disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: Neurology. - : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 99:10, s. E965-E976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives Intestinal levodopa/carbidopa gel infusion (LCIG) is superior to oral treatment in advanced Parkinson disease. The primary objective of this trial was to investigate whether continuous subcutaneous or intravenous infusion with a continuously buffered acidic levodopa/carbidopa solution yields steady-state plasma concentrations of levodopa that are equivalent in magnitude, and noninferior in variability, to those obtained with LCIG in patients with advanced Parkinson disease. Methods A concentrated acidic levodopa/carbidopa (8:1) solution buffered continuously and administered intravenously (DIZ101) or subcutaneously (DIZ102) was compared with an approved LCIG in a randomized, 3-period crossover, open-label, multicenter trial. Formulations were infused for 16 hours to patients with Parkinson disease who were using LCIG as their regular treatment. Patients were recruited from several university neurology clinics but came to the same phase I unit for treatment. Pharmacokinetic variables and safety including dermal tolerance are reported. The primary outcomes were bioequivalence and noninferior variability of DIZ101 and DIZ102 vs LCIG with respect to levodopa plasma concentrations. Results With dosing adjusted to estimated bioavailability, DIZ101 and DIZ102 produced levodopa plasma levels within standard bioequivalence limits compared with LCIG in the 18 participants who received all treatments. Although the levodopa bioavailability for DIZ102 was complete, it was 80% for LCIG. Therapeutic concentrations of levodopa were reached as quickly with subcutaneous administration of DIZ102 as with LCIG and remained stable throughout the infusions. Owing to poor uptake of LCIG, carbidopa levels in plasma were higher with DIZ101 and DIZ102 than with the former. All individuals receiving any of the treatments (n = 20) were included in the evaluation of safety and tolerability. Reactions at the infusion sites were mild and transient. Discussion It is feasible to rapidly achieve high and stable levodopa concentrations by means of continuous buffering of a subcutaneously administered acidic levodopa/carbidopa-containing solution.
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| 6. |
- Bergquist, Filip, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacokinetics of Intravenously (DIZ101), Subcutaneously (DIZ102), and Intestinally (LCIG) Infused Levodopa in Advanced Parkinson Disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: Neurology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 99:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives Intestinal levodopa/carbidopa gel infusion (LCIG) is superior to oral treatment in advanced Parkinson disease. The primary objective of this trial was to investigate whether continuous subcutaneous or intravenous infusion with a continuously buffered acidic levodopa/carbidopa solution yields steady-state plasma concentrations of levodopa that are equivalent in magnitude, and noninferior in variability, to those obtained with LCIG in patients with advanced Parkinson disease. Methods A concentrated acidic levodopa/carbidopa (8:1) solution buffered continuously and administered intravenously (DIZ101) or subcutaneously (DIZ102) was compared with an approved LCIG in a randomized, 3-period crossover, open-label, multicenter trial. Formulations were infused for 16 hours to patients with Parkinson disease who were using LCIG as their regular treatment. Patients were recruited from several university neurology clinics but came to the same phase I unit for treatment. Pharmacokinetic variables and safety including dermal tolerance are reported. The primary outcomes were bioequivalence and noninferior variability of DIZ101 and DIZ102 vs LCIG with respect to levodopa plasma concentrations. Results With dosing adjusted to estimated bioavailability, DIZ101 and DIZ102 produced levodopa plasma levels within standard bioequivalence limits compared with LCIG in the 18 participants who received all treatments. Although the levodopa bioavailability for DIZ102 was complete, it was 80% for LCIG. Therapeutic concentrations of levodopa were reached as quickly with subcutaneous administration of DIZ102 as with LCIG and remained stable throughout the infusions. Owing to poor uptake of LCIG, carbidopa levels in plasma were higher with DIZ101 and DIZ102 than with the former. All individuals receiving any of the treatments (n = 20) were included in the evaluation of safety and tolerability. Reactions at the infusion sites were mild and transient. Discussion It is feasible to rapidly achieve high and stable levodopa concentrations by means of continuous buffering of a subcutaneously administered acidic levodopa/carbidopa-containing solution.
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| 7. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 8. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Boschloo, L., et al.
(författare)
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The complex clinical response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depression: a network perspective
- 2023
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Ingår i: Translational Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clinical response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in depression takes weeks to be fully developed and is still not entirely understood. This study aimed to determine the direct and indirect effects of SSRIs relative to a placebo control condition on clinical symptoms of depression. We included data of 8262 adult patients with major depression participating in 28 industry-sponsored US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) registered trials on the efficacy of SSRIs. Clinical symptoms of depression were assessed by the 17 separate items of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. Network estimation techniques showed that SSRIs had quick and strong direct effects on the two affective symptoms, i.e., depressed mood and psychic anxiety; direct effects on other symptoms were weak or absent. Substantial indirect effects were found for all four cognitive symptoms, which showed larger reductions in the SSRI condition but mainly in patients reporting larger reductions in depressed mood. Smaller indirect effects were found for two arousal/somatic symptoms via the direct effect on psychic anxiety. Both direct and indirect effects on sleep problems and most arousal/somatic symptoms were weak or absent. In conclusion, our study revealed that SSRIs primarily caused reductions in affective symptoms, which were related to reductions in mainly cognitive symptoms and some specific arousal/somatic symptoms. The results can contribute to disclosing the mechanisms of action of SSRIs, and has the potential to facilitate early detection of responders and non-responders in clinical practice.
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