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- Na, A., et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of phosphatidylcholine with (n-3) fatty acids by phospholipase A 2 in microemulsion
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society. - 0003-021X .- 1558-9331. ; 67:11, s. 766-770
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphatidylcholine containing a long chain polyunsaturated acyl group at the 2-position has been prepared by phospholipase A 2 catalyzed esterification of lysophosphatidylcholine with polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA (C20:5) or DHA (C22:6). Preliminary studies showed that the other fatty acids, such as lauric acid (C12), palmitic acid (C16), stearic acid (C18) and linoleic acid (C18:2), were also incorporated. To our knowledge, phospholipase A 2 catalyzed condensation reactions have not been reported in the literature before. The reactions were performed in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)-sulfosuccinate-based microemulsions containing small amounts of water. Synthesis of the same phospholipid by transesterification of phosphatidylcholine with the polyunsaturated acids in microemulsion failed; however, enzymatic hydrolysis to lysophosphatidylcholine was facile, quantitative conversion from phosphatidylcholine being attained after 16 hr reaction time. An additional observation was that, unlike enzymatic hydrolysis of phospholipids, the condensation reaction catalyzed by phospholipase A 2 was totally independent of the presence of calcium. © 1990 AOCS Press.
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| 2. |
- Allard, Per, et al.
(författare)
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[3H]GBR-12935 binding to dopamine uptake sites in rat striatum.
- 1990
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 23:4, s. 177-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The binding of the selective dopamine uptake inhibitor [3H]GBR-12935 to rat striatum was studied. Competition by mazindol and dopamine against [3H]GBR-12935 binding revealed monophasic binding curves. The addition of 100 microM dopamine to the mazindol competition inhibited only 80% of the binding, indicating more than one [3H]GBR-12935 binding site in rat striatum. When a binding fraction that could be discriminated by 1 microM mazindol or 1 mM dopamine was defined as specific binding, a single site binding model was obtained. The [3H]GBR-12935 binding was of protein nature, since it was abolished after protease treatment. Drug inhibition studies with the addition of low concentrations of mazindol and dopamine resulted in alterations in apparent Kd values only, suggesting competitive inhibition by these compounds against [3H]GBR-12935 binding. It is concluded that the [3H]GBR-12935 binding to rat striatum discriminated by 1 microM mazindol reflects binding to the substrate recognition site for the dopamine uptake.
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| 3. |
- Allard, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Unaltered [3H]GBR-12935 binding after chronic treatment with dopamine active drugs.
- 1990
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Ingår i: Psychopharmacology. - 0033-3158 .- 1432-2072. ; 102:3, s. 291-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rats were injected intraperitoneally with haloperidol 0.5 mg/kg, raclopride 1 mg/kg, bromocriptine 2.5 mg/kg, d-amphetamine 2.5 mg/kg, or cocaine 10 mg/kg twice daily for 21 days. The animals were sacrificed 72 h after last injection. Control rats were injected with saline, following the same schedule. The radioligand [3H]GBR-12935 was used as a presynaptic marker for dopamine neurites. There were no significant differences in [3H]GBR-12935 binding to striatum between drug-treated rats and controls.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Gröndal, S, et al.
(författare)
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Adrenocortical carcinoma : A retrospective study of a rare tumor with a poor prognosis.
- 1990
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgical Oncology. - 0748-7983 .- 1532-2157. ; 16:6, s. 500-506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A retrospective study was performed on 54 patients diagnosed as having adrenocortical carcinoma during 1974-1983. The initial symptoms were often diffuse: abdominal pain, weight loss, or fever, and more than 60% of the patients showed no evidence of overproduction of hormone. The median tumor diameter was 13 cm and almost half of the tumors had metastasized at diagnosis. A radical tumor resection could be performed in less than 50% of the patients, and at histopathological re-examination some tumors were not conclusively verified as malignant. Capsular invasion, nuclear pleomorphism and mitoses were found more commonly in patients who succumbed to the disease. Seven of 29 patients treated with chemotherapy showed an objective response and two of them are still alive and free of disease. The overall 5-year-survival rate was 19%, compared with 45% for patients with radically resected tumors. Patients with no biochemical signs of overproduction of adrenocortical hormone appeared to have a better prognosis than those with hormone excess. Together with increased use of ultrasound and computed tomography, a urinary steroid profile might hopefully contribute to earlier discovery of these often clinically silent tumors. However, it remains to be determined whether these diagnostic improvements, together with more aggressive surgery and adrenolytic chemotherapy, can improve the poor prognosis.
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| 6. |
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