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- Abrahamsson, Kate, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired ketogenesis in carnitine depletion caused by short-term administration of pivalic acid prodrug.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0885-4505. ; 52:1, s. 18-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term treatment with pivalic acid prodrug results in impaired ketone-body production. Therefore, it was of interest to investigate whether short-term treatment had any influence on the fatty acid oxidation. In this study six healthy males were given 1200 mg per day of pivmecillinam for 12 days to induce carnitine deficiency. The concentration of free carnitine in serum was reduced from a mean of 42.8 mumol/liter (range, 31-48) to 11.6 mumol/liter (range, 7.0-24), but the muscle carnitine concentration was not reduced. A 36-h fasting test was performed before and after drug administration to study the effect on ketone-body production. After treatment, the two subjects with the lowest level of serum free carnitine at the end of the fasting period had impaired ketogenesis. This indicates a carnitine deficiency in the liver which was reflected in the free carnitine concentration for by mobilization of muscle carnitine. We conclude that there is a substantial risk to develop carnitine deficiency and impaired fatty acid oxidation in the liver during short-term treatment with drugs conjugated with pivalic acid.
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| 4. |
- ELZOUKI, A.-N., et al.
(författare)
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Strong link between the alpha1‐antitrypsin PiZ allele and Wegener's granulomatosis
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 236:5, s. 543-548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract. Objectives. To ascertain whether a relationship exists between the PiZ alpha1‐antitrypsin (α1AT) variant and antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA)‐positive vasculitis in a large group of Swedish patients, and whether analysis for the presence of the PiZ variant might be useful for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. Design. Retrospective cross‐sectional study. Setting. The Department of Internal Medicine, Malmö General Hospital, and the Department of Nephrology, University of Lund, Sweden. Subjects and main outcome measures. Serum samples from 105 proteinase 3‐ANCA‐positive patients were analysed using an elisa with a monoclonal antibody specific for the PiZ‐gene product. Complete clinical data were retrieved for 84% (88/105) of the patients, for diagnosis and survival analysis. Results. We identified 17 heterozygotes and one homozygote (P < 0.0001). All 88 patients with available clinical data were considered to have some form of microscopic vasculitis including 66 (75%) diagnosed as having Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), of whom 15 (23%) were PiZ heterozygotes (odds ratio 6.0, 95% confidence interval 3–10). There were no significant differences between PiZ carriers and noncarriers in sex distribution, mean age at onset of disease, interval between onset and inclusion in the study, or in median duration of follow‐up (P > 0.2 for all comparisons). During follow‐up, 38% (6/16) of the PiZ heterozygotes died, compared with 17% (11/66) of noncarriers of the variant (P = 0.02), which suggests that PiZ heterozygosity may be a marker of poor prognosis. PiZ heterozygotes with systemic vasculitis would not appear to be identifiable by their pretreatment plasma α1AT concentrations, as all such patients in the present study had concentrations within or above the normal range. Conclusion. We conclude that heterozygotes for the PiZ variant of the α1AT gene are at greater risk of than the general population of developing WG. Knowledge of such a genetic factor may not only aid our understanding of the mechanism involved in this illness but may also serve as significant prognostic factor in following the course of the disease. 1994 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, S, et al.
(författare)
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Hypertension and thirst outlasting renal vasoconstriction as effects of a brief evaluation of systemic angiotensin II in sheep.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 150:2, s. 181-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of 10 min intracarotid (i.c.) and intravenous (i.v.) infusions of angiotensin II (Ang II; 20 pmol kg-1 min-1) on carotid blood pressure (cBP) and renal blood flow (RBF) was studied in unanaesthetized ewes without and with pre-treatment with the alpha 1- and beta-adrenoceptor blocker labetalol. RBF was also monitored during 30 min intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusions of Ang II at 2 pmol kg-1 min-1. The i.c. infusions of Ang II induced about 50 mmHg rise in cBP. A steep decline occurred during 5 min post-infusion, followed by a much slower reduction with the cBP remaining above control level at 40 min post-infusion. The pressure elevation induced by i.v. Ang II was less pronounced but exhibited a similar pattern. Labetalol significantly reduced the pressor response to i.c. as well as i.v. Ang II. The i.c. and i.v. infusions of Ang II conspicuously reduced the RBF regardless of whether the ewes were labetalol-treated or not. At 5 min after the infusions RBF had returned to control level. The ICV infusions did not influence the RBF. Ang II i.c. elicited thirst in 50% of the ewes with the urge to drink remaining at 40 min post-infusion. The dipsogenic response was not reduced by labetalol pretreatment. The results imply that no cerebral component contributes to the reduction in RBF induced by systemic Ang II. However, a centrally mediated action seems to be the cause of the long-lasting post-infusion cBP elevation and dipsogenic response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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| 7. |
- Leijon, M., et al.
(författare)
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STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PNA-DNA DUPLEXES BY NMR - EVIDENCE FOR DNA IN A B-LIKE CONFORMATION
- 1994
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-4995 .- 0006-2960. ; 33:33, s. 9820-9825
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nucleic acid analogues PNA (peptide nucleic acids) hybridize with DNA of complementary sequence. The solution structures of two PNA-DNA duplexes, H-(GCTATGTC)-NH2.d(GACATAGC) and H-(GTAGATCACT)-NH2.d(AGTGATCTAC), have been studied by H-1 NMR. It was found that the PNA-DNA hybrids are base paired by hydrogen bonds, most likely of the Watson-Crick type. From two-dimensional NOESY and COSY results it is concluded that the DNA strand in the PNA-DNA complex adopts a B-like structure with the deoxyribose sugars in the C2'-endo conformation.
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| 8. |
- Sandström, Herbert, et al.
(författare)
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Intravascular haemolysis and increased prevalence of myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy in congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia, type III.
- 1994
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Ingår i: European Journal of Haematology. - 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609. ; 52:1, s. 42-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A family with congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type III was studied. Twenty patients and 10 of their healthy siblings were clinically examined and questioned about their medical history. Blood sampling and bone marrow aspirations were also performed. Forty-five percent of the patients reported symptoms of anaemia and 35% regularly felt weakness, fatigue, or headache. However, the majority of the patients regarded themselves as healthy. The bone marrow showed a uniform picture of erythroid hyperplasia with multinuclear erythroblasts and gigantoblasts with up to 12 nuclei. There was laboratory evidence of intravascular haemolysis and mild anaemia. We also observed a high prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (3 cases) and myeloma (1 case) among the patients.
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| 9. |
- Tchaliovska, S, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions in equilibrium free films of aqueous dodecylammonium chloride solutions
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 168, s. 190-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thickness of thin flat foam films formed in a range of aqueous dodecylammonium chloride solutions at pH 5.9 + 0.2 has been determined using a thin film balance. The results are analyzed within the DLVO theory in order to estimate the interfacial potential of the liquid-air interface. As expected, the interfacial potential increases with increasing surfactant concentration. H owever, it was al so found that the in terfacial potentials deduced from the equilibrium film thickness were significantly lower than those obtained by considering the adsorbed amount (obtained by using the Gibbs' adsorption equation) and the pK.-value of dodecylamine at the interface. The interfacial potential at the air-dodecylammonium chloride solution interface was also found to be significantly lower than the corresponding interfacial potential determined using a surface force apparatus for solid hydrophobic surfaces immersed in dodecylammonium chloride solutions. e 1994 A~~ P~, =.
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