| 1. |
- Cheng, Shi-Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Haplotype-resolved genome assembly and allele-specific gene expression in cultivated ginger
- 2021
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Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-7276. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most valued spice plants worldwide; it is prized for its culinary and folk medicinal applications and is therefore of high economic and cultural importance. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved, chromosome-scale assembly for diploid ginger anchored to 11 pseudochromosome pairs with a total length of 3.1 Gb. Remarkable structural variation was identified between haplotypes, and two inversions larger than 15 Mb on chromosome 4 may be associated with ginger infertility. We performed a comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of allelic expression patterns, revealing that most alleles are coordinately expressed. The alleles that exhibited the largest differences in expression showed closer proximity to transposable elements, greater coding sequence divergence, more relaxed selection pressure, and more transcription factor binding site differences. We also predicted the transcription factors potentially regulating 6-gingerol biosynthesis. Our allele-aware assembly provides a powerful platform for future functional genomics, molecular breeding, and genome editing in ginger.
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| 2. |
- Feng, Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Null association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with allergic rhinitis, allergic sensitization and non-allergic rhinitis : A Mendelian randomization study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 51:1, s. 78-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Previous observational studies have not found a conclusive association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and allergic rhinitis (AR) or allergic sensitization (AS). Objective To investigate a causal association between 25(OH)D levels with risk of AR and AS, using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), previously shown to be associated with serum 25(OH)D levels, were identified as instrumental variables. The primary outcome was AR, and the secondary outcomes were AS and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR). The genome-wide association (GWA) summary statistics of the outcomes were obtained from two cohort studies (EAGLE Consortium and UK Biobank). An MR analysis with random-effects inverse-variance weighted method was performed as the primary analysis to estimate overall effect size (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Sensitivity analysis using weighted median method and MR-Egger regression method was conducted. A subgroup analysis based on 25(OH)D synthesis-related SNPs was further applied. Results Serum 25(OH)D levels were not causally associated with risk of AR (OR: 0.960; 95% CI: 0.779-1.184), AS (OR: 1.059; 95% CI: 0.686 to 1.634) or NAR (OR: 0.937; 95% CI: 0.588-1.491). Subgroup analysis also showed null association between 25(OH)D synthesis-related SNPs and the outcomes. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance This MR study found no evidence supporting a causal association between serum 25(OH)D levels and risk of AR, AS and NAR in European-ancestry population. This argues against the previous postulation that vitamin D supplementation is effective in prevention of allergic diseases.
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| 3. |
- He, Shuai Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-scale dynamics for a lean-burn spark ignition natural gas engine under low load conditions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-2361. ; 332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work investigates the multi-scale dynamics of the combustion system in a lean-burn spark ignition natural gas engine using different gas injection timings (GIT). The in-cylinder pressure time series are measured, and the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) time series are calculated. The influence of GIT on the combustion system is investigated through wavelet analysis, multi-resolution analysis, and the return maps with the GIT covering from 0 to 90°CA after top dead center at the intake stage. Results show that the combustion system has multi-scale chaotic characteristics, and it is sensitive to the change of GIT. The unreasonable GIT will result in serious combustion variations. Meanwhile, the combustion instability of the engine evolves on multiple time scales, showing evident multi-scale oscillation characteristics. All the wavelet power spectrums (WPS) present the characteristics of intermittent short-time periodic oscillations and persistent large-scale periodic oscillations concealed inside the IMEP time series. When the GIT approaches the medium value, the persistence of large-scale periodic oscillations is weakened, while the characteristics of high-frequency intermittent oscillations are enhanced. Under all working conditions, the contribution rate of high-frequency signal D1 decomposed by the IMEP time series to the overall time series fluctuation is about 40% or even higher. The contribution rate of the signal D1 also increases with the aggravation of combustion instability. The return map structures of high-frequency signals D1 and D2 show bifurcation structures, and the bifurcation characteristics of the signal D1 are more evident under medium GIT conditions, indicating a certain correlation between the 2–8 engine cycles, and the correlation between the adjacent engine cycles is stronger. The deterministic relationship between the multiple engine cycles found can help in developing a more reasonable and efficient combustion control strategy, which provides a theoretical basis for improving the stability of a natural gas engine.
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| 4. |
- Huang, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Applications of spouted bed technology in the drying of food products
- 2023
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Ingår i: LWT. - 0023-6438. ; 182
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reviews the recent research progress of spouted bed technology in applications of food products. The pure spouted bed drying, spouted bed drying with inert particles and drying carriers and the combination of spouted bed with other drying methods are discussed in detail. Results showed that the effect of temperature on drying characteristics and quality was the most investigated and different results of the drying quality were observed. SBD is a potential drying method for food products, however, there are still some difficulties that limit its industrial application. Thus, modified spouted beds that facilitates scale-up are needed, such as rectangular spouted bed, draft spouted bed and mechanically spouted bed. Spouted bed drying with inert particles is a flexible alternative drying technology compared to the spray drying. The effect of using inert particles in spouted bed is good, however, strong friction and long-term use of inert materials will lead to fracture and fragmentation. Thus, drying carriers are often added. The drying performance and quality of spouted bed with other drying methods is generally better than that of pure spouted bed drying as it combines the advantages of different drying methods.
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| 5. |
- Huang, Xing, et al.
(författare)
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Semiconducting Conjugated Coordination Polymer with High Charge Mobility Enabled by "4+2" Phenyl Ligands
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 145:4, s. 2430-2438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrically conductive coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks are attractive emerging electroactive materials for (opto-)electronics. However, developing semiconducting coordination polymers with high charge carrier mobility for devices remains a major challenge, urgently requiring the rational design of ligands and topological networks with desired electronic structures. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy for synthesizing high-mobility semiconducting conjugated coordination polymers (c-CPs) utilizing novel conjugated ligands with D2h symmetry, namely, "4 + 2" phenyl ligands. Compared with the conventional phenyl ligands with C6h symmetry, the reduced symmetry of the "4 + 2" ligands leads to anisotropic coordination in the formation of c-CPs. Consequently, we successfully achieve a single-crystalline three-dimensional (3D) c-CP Cu4DHTTB (DHTTB = 2,5-dihydroxy-1,3,4,6-tetrathiolbenzene), containing orthogonal ribbon-like pi-d conjugated chains rather than 2D conjugated layers. DFT calculation suggests that the resulting Cu4DHTTB exhibits a small band gap (similar to 0.2 eV), strongly dispersive energy bands near the Fermi level with a low electron-hole reduced effective mass (similar to 0.2m0*). Furthermore, the four-probe method reveals a semiconducting behavior with a decent conductivity of 0.2 S/cm. Thermopower measurement suggests that it is a p-type semiconductor. Ultrafast terahertz photoconductivity measurements confirm Cu4DHTTB's semiconducting nature and demonstrate the Drude-type transport with high charge carrier mobilities up to 88 +/- 15 cm2 V-1 s-1, outperforming the conductive 3D coordination polymers reported till date. This molecular design strategy for constructing high-mobility semiconducting c-CPs lays the foundation for achieving high-performance c-CP-based (opto-)electronics.
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| 6. |
- Ishii, Hideaki, et al.
(författare)
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An overview on multi-agent consensus under adversarial attacks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annual Reviews in Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 1367-5788 .- 1872-9088. ; 53, s. 252-272
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an overview on the recent advances in the research of security of cyber-physical systems. We place particular emphases on consensus problems for multi-agent systems in hostile environments and their analyses on the resiliency against two types of attacks. First, we discuss a class of data injection attacks by focusing on the approach based on mean subsequence reduced (MSR) algorithms and their variants. Agents equipped with such algorithms will ignore their neighbors taking extreme state values. Characterizations on the properties necessary for network topologies and moreover a number of extensions with enhanced resiliency will be established. As the second class of attacks, the effects of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks will be examined in the context of multi-agent consensus. By employing a DoS model based on the energy constraints of the attacker, we will observe that robustness against such attacks may depend on system properties such as dynamics of the individual agents and network structures. Applications of the algorithms will be further discussed for clock synchronization in wireless sensor networks and control of a group of mobile robots.
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| 7. |
- Jia, Kai-Hua, et al.
(författare)
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Chromosome-scale assembly and evolution of the tetraploid Salvia splendens (Lamiaceae) genome
- 2021
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Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2052-7276 .- 2662-6810. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polyploidization plays a key role in plant evolution, but the forces driving the fate of homoeologs in polyploid genomes, i.e., paralogs resulting from a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event, remain to be elucidated. Here, we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly of tetraploid scarlet sage (Salvia splendens), one of the most diverse ornamental plants. We found evidence for three WGD events following an older WGD event shared by most eudicots (the γ event). A comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of homoeologs from the most recent WGD unveiled expression asymmetries, which could be associated with genomic rearrangements, transposable element proximity discrepancies, coding sequence variation, selection pressure, and transcription factor binding site differences. The observed differences between homoeologs may reflect the first step toward sub- and/or neofunctionalization. This assembly provides a powerful tool for understanding WGD and gene and genome evolution and is useful in developing functional genomics and genetic engineering strategies for scarlet sage and other Lamiaceae species.
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| 8. |
- Jin, Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced rate capability and high-voltage cycling stability of single-crystal nickel-rich cathode by surface anchoring dielectric BaTiO3
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 619, s. 65-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The single-crystal Ni-rich Li(NixCoyMn1_x_y)O-2 cathode (NCM) demonstrates better cycle performance, enhanced tap density and improved mechanical structure stability, compared with polycrystalline NCM. However, limited Li+ transports, (003) plane slips and microcracks in large single particles hinder rate capability and cycle performance. To overcome these shortcomings, single-crystal NCM cathodes have been modified by nanosized tetragonal BaTiO3. Due to the dielectric properties, BaTiO(3 )particles induce electric field concentration at the BaTiO3-NCM-electrolyte interface. Thus, a large amount of lithium vacancies can be formed, providing sufficient sites for the hopping diffusion of lithium ions, thereby significantly enhancing the diffusion coefficient of Li+. Moreover, the redistribution of charges can inhibit the formation and accumulation of cathode-electrolyte-interface. Owing to the synergetic effect of BaTiO3, the BT-modified single-crystal NCM with the optimized loading shows a remarkable initial discharge capacity of 138.5 mAh g(_1) and maintains 53.8% of its initial discharge capacity after 100 cycles under 5C at 4.5 V cut-off voltage. Overall, the proposed dielectric cathode-electrolyte-interface strategy can enhance Li+ ion transport and stabilize the interface structure, leading to improved rate performance. Meanwhile, the diffusion-induced state of charge gradient can also be inhibited, resulting in high structure stability of single-crystal NCMs under high rate and cut-off voltage cycling. (C) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Li, Wanxin, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Complex Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Risk of Colorectal Neoplasia Using Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association For Cancer Research (AACR). - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 32:6, s. 809-817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Human gut microbiome has complex relation-ships with the host, contributing to metabolism, immunity, and carcinogenesis.Methods: Summary-level data for gut microbiota and metabo-lites were obtained from MiBioGen, FINRISK and human meta-bolome consortia. Summary-level data for colorectal cancer were derived from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis. In forward Mendelian randomization (MR), we employed genetic instrumental variables (IV) for 24 gut microbiota taxa and six bacterial metabolites to examine their causal relationship with colorectal cancer. We also used a lenient threshold for nine apriori gut microbiota taxa as secondary analyses. In reverse MR, we explored association between genetic liability to colorectal neoplasia and abundance of microbiota studied above using 95, 19, and 7 IVs for colorectal cancer, adenoma, and polyps, respectively.Results: Forward MR did not find evidence indicating causal relationship between any of the gut microbiota taxa or six bacterial metabolites tested and colorectal cancer risk. However, reverse MR supported genetic liability to colorectal adenomas was causally related with increased abundance of two taxa: Gammaproteobacteria (b = 0.027, which represents a 0.027 increase in log-transformed relative abundance values of Gam-maproteobacteria for per one-unit increase in log OR of adenoma risk; P = 7.06x10-8), Enterobacteriaceae (b = 0.023, P = 1.29x10-5).Conclusions: We find genetic liability to colorectal neoplasia may be associated with abundance of certain microbiota taxa. It is more likely that subset of colorectal cancer genetic liability variants changes gut biology by influencing both gut microbiota and colo-rectal cancer risk.Impact: This study highlights the need of future complemen-tary studies to explore causal mechanisms linking both host genetic variation with gut microbiome and colorectal cancer susceptibility.
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| 10. |
- Liang, Wenbiao, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of single-crystal LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 materials for Li-ion batteries by microfluidic technology
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-crystal LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 (SC-NMC) cathode with electro-chemo-mechanically compliant microstructure is regarded as a promising candidate for high-energy-density lithium ion battery. However, the research of Ni-rich SC-NCM still lags behind its corresponding polycrystalline cathode materials, mainly due to the difficulties in synthesis. Herein, the single-crystal LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode (SC-NCM811) was successfully synthesized by microfluidic technology combined with the solid-state lithiation process. The nano-sized Ni0.8C- o0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 precursor prepared via microfluidic technology enhances its accessibility to lithium salts, thus exhibiting high chemical activity for lithiation reaction. As a result, the optimized SC-NCM811 cathode shows relatively small-scale grain size (<3 mu m), low cation mixing and well layered structure, which is beneficial to electrochemical kinetics and redox reversibility. The electrochemical characterization results further reveal that the optimized SC-NCM811 cathode can well balance the cycle performance and rate capability, showing good electrochemical performance. Overall, microfluidic technology is expected to provide a new strategy for pre-paring single-crystal Ni-rich cathode materials, which may extend to the commercial application of other cathode materials.
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