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- Dragano, Nico, et al.
(författare)
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Effort-Reward Imbalance at Work and Incident Coronary Heart Disease A Multicohort Study of 90,164 Individuals
- 2017
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 28:4, s. 619-626
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Epidemiologic evidence for work stress as a risk factor for coronary heart disease is mostly based on a single measure of stressful work known as job strain, a combination of high demands and low job control. We examined whether a complementary stress measure that assesses an imbalance between efforts spent at work and rewards received predicted coronary heart disease.Methods: This multicohort study (the "IPD-Work" consortium) was based on harmonized individual-level data from 11 European prospective cohort studies. Stressful work in 90,164 men and women without coronary heart disease at baseline was assessed by validated effort-reward imbalance and job strain questionnaires. We defined incident coronary heart disease as the first nonfatal myocardial infarction or coronary death. Study-specific estimates were pooled by random effects meta-analysis.Results: At baseline, 31.7% of study members reported effort-reward imbalance at work and 15.9% reported job strain. During a mean follow-up of 9.8 years, 1,078 coronary events were recorded. After adjustment for potential confounders, a hazard ratio of 1.16 (95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.35) was observed for effort-reward imbalance compared with no imbalance. The hazard ratio was 1.16 (1.01-1.34) for having either effort-reward imbalance or job strain and 1.41 (1.12-1.76) for having both these stressors compared to having neither effort-reward imbalance nor job strain.Conclusions: Individuals with effort-reward imbalance at work have an increased risk of coronary heart disease, and this appears to be independent of job strain experienced. These findings support expanding focus beyond just job strain in future research on work stress.
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- Ernsth Bravell, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Reciprocal patterns of support of very old people and their families
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Gerontologist. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1758-5341.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The aging population is often considered as a threat that will deplete family and societal resources. Yet older people may be a resource, giving support and care to their family. The aim of this study is to analyze patterns of giving and receiving support by the oldest old with their family. Method: Data were used from the OCTO2- study, a Swedish population-based sample of 171 women and 156 men, 75–90 years. Respondents completed the Intergenerational Support Index to examine patterns of receiving and giving care and support and factors associated with support exchanges. Results: Results showed that the oldest old gave as much support as they received within the family. Most of the older persons receiving formal help from the community (79%) continued giving support to family. The most common types of support given and received within the family were emotional (89% given, 90% received) and practical (44% given, 46% received). Older persons gave more financial support (26%) than they received (2%). Age, gender, functioning in daily life activities and satisfaction with life were associated with giving different types of family support. Conclusion: Old-old people in Sweden are not just consumers of care, but are involved in reciprocal patterns as receivers and providers of care and support. It is not a simple opposition between being a giver and receiver of informal support simultaneously, but more knowledge is needed about the complex interplay between various form of care and support.
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- Ferrie, Jane E., et al.
(författare)
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Job insecurity and risk of diabetes : a meta-analysis of individual participant data
- 2016
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Ingår i: CMJA. Canadian Medical Association Journal. Onlineutg. Med tittel. - : Canadian Medical Association,Association Medicale Canadienne. - 0820-3946 .- 1488-2329. ; 188:17-18, s. E447-E455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Job insecurity has been associated with certain health outcomes. We examined the role of job insecurity as a risk factor for incident diabetes.METHODS: We used individual participant data from 8 cohort studies identified in 2 open-access data archives and 11 cohort studies participating in the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations Consortium. We calculated study-specific estimates of the association between job insecurity reported at baseline and incident diabetes over the follow-up period. We pooled the estimates in a meta-analysis to produce a summary risk estimate.RESULTS: The 19 studies involved 140 825 participants from Australia, Europe and the United States, with a mean follow-up of 9.4 years and 3954 incident cases of diabetes. In the preliminary analysis adjusted for age and sex, high job insecurity was associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes compared with low job insecurity (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.30). In the multivariable-adjusted analysis restricted to 15 studies with baseline data for all covariates (age, sex, socioeconomic status, obesity, physical activity, alcohol and smoking), the association was slightly attenuated (adjusted OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.24). Heterogeneity between the studies was low to moderate (age- and sex-adjusted model: I(2) = 24%, p = 0.2; multivariable-adjusted model: I(2) = 27%, p = 0.2). In the multivariable-adjusted analysis restricted to high-quality studies, in which the diabetes diagnosis was ascertained from electronic medical records or clinical examination, the association was similar to that in the main analysis (adjusted OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.35).INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest that self-reported job insecurity is associated with a modest increased risk of incident diabetes. Health care personnel should be aware of this association among workers reporting job insecurity.
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- Fransson, Eleonor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to exhaust fumes, combustion products or soot and the risk of atrial fibrillation : Results from the Swedish WOLF study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 73:Suppl 1, s. 140-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation is a common heart rhythm disorder affecting 1-3% of the adult population. Despite being such a prevalent disorder, the knowledge about risk factors preceding the disease is very limited, especially regarding work related factors. The aim of the present study was to estimate the association between the 310 exposure to exhaust fumes, combustion products or soot in the work environment and the risk of atrial fibrillation.MethodData from the Swedish Work, Lipids and Fibrinogen (WOLF) study was used. The study includes working men and women in the counties of Stockholm, Västernorrland and Jämtland (n=10416). The baseline data collection was carried out 1992-1998. Atrial fibrillation cases were identified by the Swedish national hospital discharge register.ResultsDuring a median follow-up time of 13.6 years, 252 incident cases with atrial fibrillation were identified. In total, 1249 (12.5%) people reported exposure to exhaust fumes, combustion products or soot at baseline. The age and sex adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for atrial fibrillation was 1.01 (95% CI 0.70-1.46) for the exposed group compared with the unexposed group. Further adjustment for socio-economic status, lifestyle factors, job strain, waist circumference and hypertension did not alter the estimated HR in any substantial way (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.66-1.48). However, when combining the exposure with smoking status, an increased risk for atrial fibrillation was observed among those exposed both to smoking and exhaust fumes, combustion products or soot compared to non-smokers who were not exposed (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.07-3.12).Exposure-Smoking status HR* 95% CINon exposed-Non-smoker 1 -Non exposed-Smoker 1.09 0.78-1.52Exposed-Non-smoker 0.69 0.40-1.19Exposed-Smoker 1.83 1.07-3.12*Adjusted for SES, life-style, job strain, waist circumference and hypertensionConclusionPreliminary results indicate that exposure to exhaust fumes, combustion products or soot in combination with smoking is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation.
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- Fransson, Eleonor I, et al.
(författare)
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Job strain and the risk of stroke : an individual-participant data meta-analysis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Stroke. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 46:2, s. 557-559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Psychosocial stress at work has been proposed to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, its role as a risk factor for stroke is uncertain.METHODS: We conducted an individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 196 380 males and females from 14 European cohort studies to investigate the association between job strain, a measure of work-related stress, and incident stroke.RESULTS: In 1.8 million person-years at risk (mean follow-up 9.2 years), 2023 first-time stroke events were recorded. The age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio for job strain relative to no job strain was 1.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.05;1.47) for ischemic stroke, 1.01 (95% confidence interval, 0.75;1.36) for hemorrhagic stroke, and 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 0.94;1.26) for overall stroke. The association with ischemic stroke was robust to further adjustment for socioeconomic status.CONCLUSION: Job strain may be associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke, but further research is needed to determine whether interventions targeting job strain would reduce stroke risk beyond existing preventive strategies.
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- Fransson, Eleonor I., et al.
(författare)
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The Association between Job Strain and Atrial Fibrillation : Results from the Swedish WOLF Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: BioMed Research International. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2314-6133 .- 2314-6141.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common heart rhythmdisorder. Several life-style factors have been identified as risk factors for AF, but less is known about the impact of work-related stress. This study aims to evaluate the association between work-related stress, defined as job strain, and risk of AF. Methods: Data from the Swedish WOLF study was used, comprising 10,121 working men and women. Job strain was measured by the demand-control model. Information on incident AF was derived from national registers. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between job strain and AF risk. Results: In total, 253 incident AF cases were identified during a total follow-up time of 132,387 person-years. Job strain was associated with AF risk in a time-dependent manner, with stronger association after 10.7 years of follow-up (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.10-3.36 after 10.7 years, versus HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.67-1.83 before 10.7 years). The results pointed towards a dose-response relationship when taking accumulated exposure to job strain over time into account. Conclusion: This study provides support to the hypothesis that work-related stress defined as job strain is linked to an increased risk of AF.
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- Fransson, Eleonor, et al.
(författare)
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Job strain and atrial fibrillation : results from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health and meta-analysis of three studies
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Sage Publications. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 25:11, s. 1142-1149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Knowledge about the impact of occupational exposures, such as work stress, on the risk of atrial fibrillation is limited. The present study aims to investigate the association between job strain, a measure of work stress, and atrial fibrillation.Design: Prospective cohort study design and fixed-effect meta-analysis.Methods: Data from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) was utilised for the main analysis, combining self-reported data on work stress at baseline with follow-up data on atrial fibrillation from nationwide registers. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A fixed-effect meta-analysis was conducted to pool the results from the present study with results from two similar previously published studies.Results: Based on SLOSH data, job strain was associated with an almost 50% increased risk of atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio 1.48, 95% CI 1.00-2.18) after adjustment for age, sex and education. Further adjustment for smoking, physical activity, body mass index and hypertension did not alter the estimated risk. The meta-analysis of the present and two previously published studies showed a consistent pattern, with job strain being associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation in all three studies. The estimated pooled hazard ratio was 1.37 (95% CI 1.13-1.67).Conclusion: The results highlight that occupational exposures, such as work stress, may be important risk factors for incident atrial fibrillation.
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