| 1. |
- Bergström, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric dogs
- 2020
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 370:6516, s. 557-563
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dogs were the first domestic animal, but little is known about their population history and to what extent it was linked to humans. We sequenced 27 ancient dog genomes and found that all dogs share a common ancestry distinct from present-day wolves, with limited gene flow from wolves since domestication but substantial dog-to-wolf gene flow. By 11,000 years ago, at least five major ancestry lineages had diversified, demonstrating a deep genetic history of dogs during the Paleolithic. Coanalysis with human genomes reveals aspects of dog population history that mirror humans, including Levant-related ancestry in Africa and early agricultural Europe. Other aspects differ, including the impacts of steppe pastoralist expansions in West and East Eurasia and a near-complete turnover of Neolithic European dog ancestry.
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| 2. |
- Garpered, Sabine, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of 18F-FDG uptake in lung parenchyma compensating for tissue fraction : Comparison between non-enhanced low dose CT and intravenous contrast-enhanced diagnostic CT
- 2020
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In: Nuklearmedizin. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0029-5566 .- 2567-6407. ; 59:1, s. 20-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To determine how the presence of intravenous (IV) contrast-enhanced CT influences SUV measurements corrected for both attenuation and tissue fraction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteen patients with different malignancies, free from lung disorders, lung cancer or metastasis, were prospectively recruited when referred for staging with combined 18F-FDG-PET/CT examination. A non-enhanced low-dose CT over the chest was immediately followed by a whole-body IV contrast-enhanced diagnostic CT and finally the PET acquisition. PET data were reconstructed with attenuation correction based on the two CT data sets. The lungs were segmented in the CT images and lung density was measured. Uptake of 18F-FDG in lung parenchyma was recorded using both non-enhanced and IV contrast-enhanced CT as well as with and without compensation for lung aeration. A comparison of SUV values of corrected and uncorrected PET images was performed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between low dose PET/CT and IV contrast-enhanced PET/CT when removing the impact of air fraction (p = 0.093 for the right lung and p = 0.085 for the left lung). When tissue fraction was not corrected for, there was a significant difference between low dose PET/CT and IV contrast enhanced PET/CT used for attenuation correction (p = 0.006 for the right lung and p = 0.015 for the left lung). CONCLUSION: There was only a marginal effect on the assessement of SUV in the lung tissue when using IV contrast enhanced CT for attenuation correction when the air fraction was accounted for.
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| 3. |
- Torngren, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Association of coronary calcium score with endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness
- 2020
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In: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150. ; 313, s. 70-75
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and aims: The aim of the study was to determine potential associations between endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, measured by peripheral arterial tonometry, and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) assessed by computed tomography (CT). Methods and results: The BIG3 study is a prospective longitudinal, non-interventional, pulmonary-cardiovascular cohort study exploring the three major smoking-induced diseases: cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer, in a 45–75 aged cohort (mean 62 years), enriched in smokers. Computed tomography of the chest with assessment of CACS was performed in a selected subset of the participants (n = 2080). Peripheral arterial tonometry (EndoPAT) was used to assess endothelial function and arterial stiffness measured as reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) and augmentation index (AI), respectively. We observed significant associations of CACS, endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness with several risk factors for coronary heart disease including age, sex, BMI, diabetes mellitus, and blood pressure. There was significant association of CACS, classified into three levels of severity, with RHI and AI (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.0009, respectively). For groups of increasing CACS (0, 1–400 and > 400 Agatston score), RHI decreased from median 1.89 (1.58–2.39), and 1.93 (1.62–2.41) to 1.77 (1.51–2.10). AI increased from median 14.3 (5.7–25.2), and 16.4 (8.1–27.6) to 18.0 (9.1–29.2). RHI, but not AI, remained significantly associated with CACS after risk factors adjustment. Conclusions: In this large study of coronary artery calcium and vascular function, we found an association between CACS and both endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, indicating that they may reflect similar mechanisms for development of cardiovascular disease.
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