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- Gatz, M, et al.
(författare)
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Accounting for the relationship between low education and dementia: a twin study.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physiol Behav. ; , s. 232-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated whether the association between low education and greater risk of dementia is explained by genetic influences, using three different types of analyses. The HARMONY study (Swedish for "health" (Hälsa), "genes" (ARv), "environment" (Miljö), "and" (Och), and "new" (NY)) includes members of the Swedish Twin Registry who were aged 65 and older and alive in 1998, and who were screened and clinically assessed for dementia. There were 394 cases with dementia and 7786 unrelated controls. Analyses included co-twin control, tests for association between education and a measured genotype, and bivariate twin modeling. Low education was a significant risk factor for dementia both in case-control analyses (odds ratio=1.77, 95% confidence interval 1.38 to 2.28) and co-twin control analyses with monozygotic twin pairs (odds ratio=3.17, 95% confidence interval 1.26 to 7.93). Apolipoprotein E genotype was not associated with education and did not account for the relationship between education and dementia. Bivariate twin modeling showed that the association between education and dementia was not mediated by genetic influences in common between education and dementia. The association was mediated by shared environmental influences that were related to both dementia and to education. Low education is confirmed as a risk factor for dementia. Findings from three different analytic approaches showed that genetic influences did not explain this association.
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- Johansson, Boo, et al.
(författare)
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Performance on Neurocognitive Tests by Co-twins to Dementia Cases Compared to Normal Control Twins
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0891-9887 .- 1552-5708. ; 18:4, s. 202-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nondemented co-twins of twins who were diagnosed as demented were compared to randomly selected members of normal control twin pairs in which both mem-bers of the pair were nondemented. Nondemented co-twins included 23 monozy-gotic and 62 dizygotic twins; there were 27 normal control twins. Both monozy-gotic and dizygotic nondemented co-twins of dementia cases scored significantly lower than normal control twins on 5 of 10 cognitive tests. Moreover, monozygotic co-twins of dementia cases had a generally lower score profile than dizygotic co-twins of dementia cases did. These findings show that being at greater genetic risk for dementia is reflected in cognitive performance even in the absence of a diagnosis of dementia.
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- Kivipelto, M, et al.
(författare)
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Homocysteine and holo-transcobalamin and the risk of dementia and Alzheimers disease : a prospective study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European journal of neurology : the official journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies. - : Wiley. - 1468-1331 .- 1351-5101. ; 16:7, s. 808-813
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) levels may be caused by vitamin B12 deficiency and are linked to Alzheimers disease (AD) in some studies, although the evidence is mixed. Another marker of vitamin B12 deficiency, holo-transcobalamin (holo-TC), has not been studied in a prospective setting. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between tHcy and holo-TC and the subsequent development of dementia and AD in a prospective study. METHODS: A sub-sample of 228 non-demented subjects was taken from the Kungsholmen Project, a population-based longitudinal study amongst persons 75+ years. tHcy and holo-TC were analysed at baseline. RESULTS: Increasing tHcy levels were related to an increased risk of dementia (n = 83) and AD (n = 61) after a mean follow-up time of 6.7 years. Persons with high tHcy (the fourth quartile) had more than twice as high a risk of developing AD than persons with low tHcy, even after adjusting for confounding or mediating factors. The third quartile of holo-TC was associated with a reduced risk of AD, after adjusting for Hcy and other confounders. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Hcy is involved in the development of dementia and AD. The role of holo-TC was less clear and this marker needs to be studied further.
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- McArdle, JJ, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal models of growth and survival applied to the early detection of Alzheimer's disease
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0891-9887 .- 1552-5708. ; 18:4, s. 234-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores new statistical methodologies for using longitudinal data in the early prediction of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Specifically, the authors examine some new techniques that allow the joint or “shared” estimation of longitudinal components based on both duration (survival) and quantitative changes (growth curves). These new shared growth-survival parameter models may be used to characterize the declining functions that anticipate the onset of AD. The authors apply these models to data from the Kungsholmen Project, a longitudinal study of aging in Stockholm, Sweden. They examine age-based survival-frailty models for the onset of AD, latent growth-decline curve models for changes in cognition over age, and 3 alternative forms of models for the shared relationships of survival and early cognitive decline. The accuracy and reliability of this approach is considered for a better understanding of the developmental course of AD in these data, including the potential removal of biases due to subject selection.
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