| 1. |
- Özcan, Gülay, 1973-
(författare)
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Essays on Labor Market Disparities and Discrimination : Immigration, Education and Gender
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis consists of four papers, summarized as follows. Do Host Country Educations Even Out the Playing Field? Immigrant-Native Labor Market Gaps in Sweden This study follows a cohort of students from Swedish compulsory school graduation in 1988 until 2002 to document differences in education, including grades and field of education, and labor market outcomes between immigrants and natives. Results indicate initial differences in youth labor market status and long term differences in employment rates, most notably for those with Non-European backgrounds. Acculturation Identity and Higher Education: Is There a Trade-off Between Ethnic Identity and Education? This paper examines the role of identification to home and host cultures on the pursuit of higher educations for individuals with immigrant backgrounds. Identity is defined according to a two-dimensional acculturation framework based on strength of identification to both ethnic background cultures and the majority culture. The results put into question the premise of oppositional identities. Is It How You Look or Speak That Matters? -An Experimental Study Exploring the Mechanisms of Ethnic Discrimination Using a laboratory experiment, we explore the following questions: Are beliefs about performance affected by if a candidate is perceived to have looks that are non-stereotypical for the dominant population? Do these beliefs change if the candidate has a native-like vs. accented speech? We find that candidates not perceived as stereotypically Swedish are considered to be worse performers. When candidates are presented by both looks and speech, we find negative beliefs for candidates that speak Swedish with a foreign-accent. Sector Differences in the Glass Ceiling in Sweden -Is Occupational Segregation the Explanation? This paper explores sector differences in how the gender wage gap varies across the wage distribution and examines the role of occupational segregation in explaining this variation for Sweden. Results indicate that the phenomenon known as the glass ceiling is stronger in the public sector than in the private sector. This difference is found to be due to occupational segregation.
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| 2. |
- Bommenel, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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När historiska händelser får samtidens uppmärksamhet - historikerns roll och relationer till brukare och journalister
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Då och då uppmärksammar massmedia så kallade historiska skandaler såsom sterilisering, vanvård inom den sociala barnavården, höga dödstal på sinnessjukhus eller behandling av minoritetsbefolkningar. Sådan massmedial uppmärksamhet bidrar ibland till diskussioner i nutida samhällsdebatt om välfärdsstatens roll, om svek till individer i utsatta positioner och om vägar till upprättelse.I sådana sammanhang kan historiker bidra med kunskap och perspektiv, och i den rollen har historiker ofta kontakt med journalister och brukare vilket kan vara berikande men också utmanande. Utmaningarna kan handla om att nå ut och nå fram med reflektioner om komplexa skeenden, om förändrade samhälleliga värderingar, strukturer och synsätt som kan bidra till förklaringar av det som med dagens blick tycks obegripligt. Frågan är hur relevant detta upplevs i en kontext där individer söker svar på varför livet blev som det blev och journalister (ibland) söker säljande scoop.Utifrån egna erfarenheter som historiker som forskar om frågor som får utrymme i dagens samhällsdebatt vill vi i detta rundabordssamtal diskutera historikerns roll och relationer till brukare och journalister. Våra erfarenheter rymmer både engagerade brukare som vill använda forskning som ett argument i en upprättelseprocess till brukare som inte vill medverka i forskning överhuvudtaget. Vi har upplevt journalister som medvetet bortser från den forskning vi redovisar till ambitiösa journalister som stämmer av resultat och formuleringar.Vi har mycket att vinna på goda relationer mellan historiker, brukare och journalister – men hur skapar vi dessa? Hur når vi ut med vår forskning? Hur kan historiker bidra i samtida diskussioner? Hur behåller vi vår professionella integritet i samarbete med brukare? Hur hanterar vi massmedia när vår kunskap åsidosätts? Dessa frågor vill vi diskutera utifrån erfarenheter bland nordiska historiker.
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| 3. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2011
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Szabó, Zoltán, et al.
(författare)
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Early Experience of Implantation of a New Pulsatile Total Artificial Heart (TAH) in the Pig
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical & Experimental Cardiology. - Los Angeles, United States : Omics Publishing Group. - 2155-9880. ; 8:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The shortage of donor hearts and the physiological impact of pulsatile perfusion have driven technical innovation research efforts to create a positive displacement total artificial heart that can produce pulsatile flow and has a reasonable size for long-term assist in chronic heart failure. Such a product is the Scandinavian Real Heart 8 (SRH8); a new pulsatile total artificial heart. We here describe the basic principles of the surgical and anesthesiologic techniques we have developed for implantation of the latest prototype of this device.
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| 5. |
- Juhlin, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Fashionable services for wearables
- 2017
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Ingår i: interactions. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1072-5520 .- 1558-3449. ; 24:3, s. 88-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Ravn, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Popliteal Artery Aneurysm with Acute ischemia in 229 Patients : Outcome after Thrombolytic and Surgical Therapy
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 33:6, s. 690-695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the national management and outcome of popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA). Methods: In the Swedish National Registry 717 primary operations for PAA on 571 patients were registered prospectively between 1987 and 2002. 235 patients presented with acute ischemia. Results: Median age was 70 for men and 75 for women. Immediate surgery was performed in 135 legs, including intraoperative thrombolysis in 32 cases (Immediate Surgery Group, ISG). Pre-operative thrombolysis was performed in 100 legs, followed by acute (≤24 hours, 41 legs) or elective (59 legs) surgery (Delayed Surgery Group, DSG). DSG had smaller PAA (27 versus 37 mm, p < 0.0001) and were younger (67 versus 72 years, p < 0.001). Run-off was worse in DSG than in ISG (p < 0.001) and improved in 87% after thrombolysis. Amputation-rate was 27% in the ISG and 7% in the DSG, P < 0.0001. The ISG required fasciotomy in 30% compared to 11% of the DSG, p = 0.0001. Conclusion: Patients in the ISG and DSG differed in their pre-operative characteristics and were selected to the treatment modalities in a complex manner. Preoperative thrombolysis improves run-off.
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| 7. |
- Rodriguez-Vieitez, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Early-Phase C-11-Deuterium-L-Deprenyl and C-11-Pittsburgh Compound B PET for Assessing Brain Perfusion in Alzheimer Disease
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - : Society of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505 .- 1535-5667 .- 2159-662X. ; 57:7, s. 1071-1077
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PET tracer C-11-deuterium-L-deprenyl (C-11-DED) has been used to visualize activated astrocytes in vivo in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). In this multitracer PET study, early-phase C-11-DED and C-11-Pittsburgh compound B (C-11-PiB) (eDED and ePiB, respectively) were compared as surrogate markers of brain perfusion, and the extent to which C-11-DED binding is influenced by brain perfusion was investigated. METHODS: C-11-DED, C-11-PiB, and F-18-FDG dynamic PET scans were obtained in age-matched groups comprising AD patients (n = 8), patients with mild cognitive impairment (n = 17), and healthy controls (n = 16). A modified reference Patlak model was used to quantify C-11-DED binding. A simplified reference tissue model was applied to both C-11-DED and C-11-PiB to measure brain perfusion relative to the cerebellar gray matter (R-1) and binding potentials. C-11-PiB retention and F-18-FDG uptake were also quantified as target-to-pons SUV ratios in 12 regions of interest (ROIs). RESULTS: The strongest within-subject correlations with the corresponding R-1 values (R-1,R-DED and R-1,R-PiB, respectively) and with F-18-FDG uptake were obtained when the eDED and ePiB PET data were measured 1-4 min after injection. The optimum eDED/ePiB intervals also showed strong, significant ROI-based intersubject Pearson correlations with R-1,R-DED/R-1,R-PiB and with F-18-FDG uptake, whereas C-11-DED binding was largely independent of brain perfusion, as measured by eDED. Corresponding voxelwise correlations confirmed the ROI-based results. Temporoparietal eDED or ePiB brain perfusion measurements were highly discriminative between patient and control groups, with discriminative ability statistically comparable to that of temporoparietal F-18-FDG glucose metabolism. Hypometabolism extended over wider regions than hypoperfusion in patient groups compared with controls. CONCLUSION: The 1- to 4-min early-frame intervals of C-11-DED or C-11-PiB are suitable surrogate measures for brain perfusion. C-11-DED binding is independent of brain perfusion, and thus C-11-DED PET can provide information on both functional (brain perfusion) and pathologic (astrocytosis) aspects from a single PET scan. In comparison with glucose metabolism, early-phase C-11-DED and C-11-PiB perfusion appear to provide complementary rather than redundant information.
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| 8. |
- Szabó, Zoltán
(författare)
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Diabetes and Coronary Surgery : Metabolic and clinical studies on diabetic patients after coronary surgery with special reference to cardiac metabolism and high-dose GIK
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction An increasing proportion of the patients undergoing cardiac surgery have diabetes mellitus, in particular type II diabetes. In spite of this, diabetic patients have received limited attention in this setting. Although diabetes is a metabolic disease cardiac metabolism in association with surgery has previously not been explored in diabetics. This investigation was carried out to describe the metabolic state of the heart in diabetics after cardiac surgery and to study if it is accessible to metabolic intervention with high-dose GIK. Also, the potential hazards associated with such a regime in clinical practice were evaluated. Furthermore, a comparison of the outcome in diabetic and nondiabetic patients after coronary surgery was done.Methods Myocardial metabolism and how it was influenced by high-dose GIK was assessed with coronary sinus catheter technique in a prospective randomized study on 20 type II diabetic patients undergoing CABG (paper I, II). Safety issues concerning high-dose GIK were assessed in two retrospective studies. The potential role of metabolic interventions for neurological injury was assessed in a cohort of 775 consecutive patients undergoing CABG or combined CABG + valve surgery, in whom metabolic interventions gradually replaced traditional treatment for postoperative heart failure (paper III). A detailed analysis of blood glucose and electrolyte control was done in all cases (n=89) receiving high-dose GIK during one year (paper IV). The hemodynamic impact of highdose GIK was assessed with standard postoperative monitoring including Swan-Ganz catheters (paper II, IV). Outcome and prognosis after CABG in diabetic patients (n=540) were compared with nondiabetics (n=2239) with the aid of the institutional database comprising all isolated CABG procedures from 1995-1999 (paper V).Results The metabolism of the diabetic heart after CABG was characterized by predominant uptake of FFA and restricted uptake of carbohydrate substrates. A high extraction rate of beta-hydroxybutyric acid and glutamate was also found. Alanine was released from the heart (paper I). High-dose GIK induced a shift towards uptake of carbohydrates, in particular lactate, at the expense of FFA and betahydroxybutyric acid (paper II). A substantial systemic glucose uptake was found during high-dose GIK treatment but the uptake tended to be lower and blood glucose higher if adrenergic drugs were used or/and if the patient was a diabetic (paper IV). High-dose GIK was associated with beneficial effects on cardiac output both in the prospective and retrospective analyses (paper II, IV). No evidence for untoward neurological effects associated with GIK treatment was found. History of cerebrovascular disease was the most important risk factor for postoperative cerebral complications and in general markers for advanced atherosclerotic disease were found to be of importance (paper III). High-dose GIK in clinical practice was associated with acceptable blood glucose and electrolyte control and no serious adverse events were recorded (paper IV). Patients with diabetes undergoing CABG had an acceptable short-term mortality that did not differ significantly from non-diabetic patients. However, diabetic patients had a higher early postoperative morbidity particularly with regard to stroke, renal- and infectious complications. Also, long-term survival was markedly reduced in diabetic patients, particularly in insulin treated patients (paper V).Comments FFA were the main source of energy for the heart in type II diabetics after CABG whereas the uptake of carbohydrates was restricted. The high extraction rates of beta-hydroxybutyric acid and glutamate may represent an adaptation to the unfavorable metabolic situation of the post-ischemic diabetic heart. High-dose GIK can be used in type II diabetic patients after cardiac surgery to promote carbohydrate uptake at the expense of FFA and beta-hydroxybutyric acid. The magnitude of this shift was sufficient to account for the entire myocardial oxygen consumption assuming that the substrates extracted were oxidized. This could have implications for the treatment of the diabetic heart in association with surgery and ischemia. Provided careful monitoring high-dose GIK can be safely used in clinical practice and this treatment deserves further evaluation in the treatment of postoperative heart failure. High-dose GIK also provides a means for strict blood glucose control and as substantial amounts of glucose can be infused even in critically ill patients, it may prove useful for nutrition in critical care. Several of the risk factors for neurological injury identified constitute markers for advanced atherosclerotic disease, thus, also providing an explanation for the increased risk of neurological injury in diabetics after cardiac surgery. Short-term mortality was acceptable in diabetics after CABG. However, further efforts are warranted to address postoperative morbidity and late outcome. This represents a challenge as diabetic patients are accounting for an increasing proportion of the patients undergoing CABG.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Goodfellow, Bradley W., et al.
(författare)
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Arctic-alpine blockfields in the northern Swedish Scandes : late Quaternary - not Neogene
- 2014
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Ingår i: Earth Surface Dynamics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 2196-6311 .- 2196-632X. ; 2:2, s. 383-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autochthonous blockfield mantles may indicate alpine surfaces that have not been glacially eroded. These surfaces may therefore serve as markers against which to determine Quaternary erosion volumes in adjacent glacially eroded sectors. To explore these potential utilities, chemical weathering features, erosion rates, and regolith residence durations of mountain blockfields are investigated in the northern Swedish Scandes. This is done, firstly, by assessing the intensity of regolith chemical weathering along altitudinal transects descending from three blockfield-mantled summits. Clay / silt ratios, secondary mineral assemblages, and imaging of chemical etching of primary mineral grains in fine matrix are each used for this purpose. Secondly, erosion rates and regolith residence durations of two of the summits are inferred from concentrations of in situ-produced cosmogenic Be-10 and Al-26 in quartz at the blockfield surfaces. An interpretative model is adopted that includes temporal variations in nuclide production rates through surface burial by glacial ice and glacial isostasy-induced elevation changes of the blockfield surfaces. Together, our data indicate that these blockfields are not derived from remnants of intensely weathered Neogene weathering profiles, as is commonly considered. Evidence for this interpretation includes minor chemical weathering in each of the three examined blockfields, despite consistent variability according to slope position. In addition, average erosion rates of similar to 16.2 and similar to 6.7 mm ka(-1), calculated for the two blockfield-mantled summits, are low but of sufficient magnitude to remove present blockfield mantles, of up to a few metres in thickness, within a late Quaternary time frame. Hence, blockfield mantles appear to be replenished by regolith formation through, primarily physical, weathering processes that have operated during the Quaternary. The persistence of autochthonous blockfields over multiple glacial-interglacial cycles confirms their importance as key markers of surfaces that were not glacially eroded through, at least, the late Quaternary. However, presently blockfield-mantled surfaces may potentially be subjected to large spatial variations in erosion rates, and their Neogene regolith mantles may have been comprehensively eroded during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene. Their role as markers by which to estimate glacial erosion volumes in surrounding landscape elements therefore remains uncertain.
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