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- Edvinsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropeptides in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease and dementia with frontotemporal lobe degeneration
- 1993
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Ingår i: Dementia (Switzerland). - 1013-7424. ; 4:3-4, s. 71-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The two major primary degenerative dementias, dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) and frontal lobe degeneration of non-Alzheimer type (FLD) have several clinical features in common but also many symptoms that differ. In a clinical material of 80 patients with either of the two forms of dementia (DAT = 39, FLD = 41) we have studied the levels of neuropeptides in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in order to find biochemical markers for CNS affection. The dementia forms were evaluated by careful clinical analysis, psychometric testing and measurement of regional cerebral blood flow. Approximately one third of the subjects died during the completion of the study and neuropathology was performed, confirming the diagnoses. We observed reductions in the CSF levels of antidiuretic hormone and somatostatin in both DAT and FLD. A strong tendency to reduction was noted for neuropeptide Y (NPY). There was a correlation with the duration of disease demonstrating a significant reduction in NPY levels in subjects with DAT. Most notably there was a strong reduction in the levels of delta sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) in DAT cases only. The levels of DSIP in FLD were the same as in controls. The reverse was found for corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) which had a significant reduction in FLD patients but not in those with DAT. The present study indicates a difference in the CSF levels of neuropeptides, observations that these may serve as biochemical markers which differentiate DAT and FLD.
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| 4. |
- Gustafson-Svärd, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Phospholipase activation and arachidonic acid release in intestinal epithelial cells from patients with Crohn´s disease
- 1990
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 25:11, s. 1151-1160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for studying the mobilization of free arachidonic acid (AA) in viable isolated human intestinal epithelial cells has been developed and applied to the study of patients with Crohn's disease. Cells were isolated from morphologically unaffected parts of the distal ileum and incubated with 14C-AA; most of the incorporated 14C-AA was then found in phospholipids (mainly phosphatidylcholine) and in a pool of neutral lipids (mainly triacylglycerols). Cells from patients with Crohn's disease incorporated more 14C-AA into their neutral lipids than did cells from control patients. When the labeled cells were stimulated with phospholipase C from Clos-tridium perfringens or with the calcium ionophore A23187, they released significant amounts of AA, mainly from phosphatidylcholine. There was no difference between cells from Crohn patients and controls in the 14C-AA amounts released, but unstimu-lated and phospholipase C-stimulated cells from prednisolone-treated Crohn patients released less AA than cells from control patients. The A23187-stimuiated AA release was completely inhibited by the phospholipase A2 inhibitor 4-bromophenacyl bromide, whereas the phospholipase C-stimulated release was not. These findings suggest that AA release in human small-intestinal epithelial cells may be caused by calcium-mediated phospholipase A2 activation or by products of microbial phospholipase C activity and that prednisolone reduces the mobilization of free AA in intestinal epithelial cells. They also illustrate the potential use of isolated epithelial cells for revealing mechanisms underlying AA release in the intestinal mucosa in different disease states.
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- Gustafson-Svärd, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Phospholipase C from Clostridium perfringens stimulates formation of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) in cultured intestinal epithelial cells (INT 407)
- 1991
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 26:10, s. 1000-1006
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study demonstrates the ability of phospholipase C from Clostridium perfringens to stimulate the generation of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) in cultured intestinal epithelial cells (INT 407). Cells were exposed to phospholipase C for up to 60 min, and the content of PAF-acether within the cells and in the extracellular medium was determined. Phospholipase C caused a time-dependent formation of PAF-acether within the cells and also release of PAF-acether to the medium. In contrast, phospholipase C did not affect the cellular acetylhydrolase activity or the ability of the cells to metabolize extracellularly added C-14-PAF-acether. These findings suggest the possibility that intestinal epithelial cells, when stimulated with a naturally occurring intestinal bacterial toxin, generate and release PAF-acether. The possibility that this might contribute to the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease is discussed.
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| 8. |
- Minthon, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropeptide levels in Alzheimer's disease and dementia with frontotemporal degeneration
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum. ; 30, s. 57-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CSF levels of somatostatin-LI (SLI), neuropeptide Y (NPY-LI) and Delta Sleep Inducing Peptide (DSIP-LI) have been measured in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) and dementia with frontotemporal degeneration of non-Alzheimer type (FTD). The distribution pattern of cortical degeneration differs between these two types of dementia. DAT shows degeneration of mainly temporo-parietal and temporo-limbic structures, whereas FTD discloses its main degeneration in the frontotemporal regions (Brun, 1987). The somatostatin-LI was significantly reduced both in DAT and FTD. NPY-LI showed a significant reduction in DAT but not in FTD. A tendency to a reduction with duration of the disease was observed in DAT whereas the contrary was noted in FTD. The DSIP-LI levels were reduced in DAT and slightly increased in FTD. The study provides an evidence of neurochemical differences between the two primary degenerative dementias.
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| 9. |
- Norlander, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
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Toasting and creating: hypotheses and experiments with respect to alcohol and creativity
- 1993
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Ingår i: Nordisk Alkohol Tidskrift, 10, 81-92.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article, concerning the relationship between alcohol and creativity, contains a comprehensive critique directed towars 'author' studies' whether using interviews or biographical analysis. The risks of reconstructing after the fact and using second-hand information is notable. In addition there is a tendency in these kinds of studies to generalize all to easily the writers' experiences as representative of the whole range of questions concerning alcohol and creativity. An experimental approach on the matter seems absolutely necessary in order for research into the relationship between alcohol and creativity to progress further
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