| 1. |
- Wang, Z H, et al.
(författare)
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Type specificity and significance of different isotypes of serum antibodies to human papillomavirus capsids.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 181:2, s. 456-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isotype-specific serum antibody responses against human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 were evaluated by use of cross-sectional, prospective, and population-based seroepidemiologic studies. IgG1 and IgA were the most abundant isotypes. No sample contained IgG2, and <25 samples contained IgG3 or IgM. Total IgG, IgA, and IgG1 were HPV type specific and were associated with HPV-16 DNA (odds ratios [ORs], 5.4, 5.0, and 5.9, respectively; P<.001) but not with other HPV DNA (ORs, 1.2, 1.2, and 0.8, respectively; P value was not significant). Total IgG and IgG1 were strongly associated with number of lifetime sex partners (P<.001); IgA was only associated with number of recent sex partners and lifetime sex partners among younger women. Total IgG, IgG1, and IgA were associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia type III and also predicted risk of future cervical neoplasia. IgG and IgG1 appeared to mark lifetime cumulative exposure, whereas IgA may mark recent or ongoing infection.
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| 2. |
- Bingham, SA, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary fibre in food and protection against colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC): an observational study
- 2003
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 361:9368, s. 1496-1501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Dietary fibre is thought to protect against colorectal cancer but this view has been challenged by recent prospective and intervention studies that showed no protective effect. Methods We prospectively examined the association between dietary fibre intake and incidence of colorectal cancer in 519 978 individuals aged 25-70 years taking part in the EPIC study, recruited from ten European countries. Participants completed a dietary questionnaire in 1992-98 and were followed up for cancer incidence. Relative risk estimates were obtained from fibre intake, categorised by sex-specific, cohort-wide quintiles, and from linear models relating the hazard ratio to fibre intake expressed as a continuous variable. Findings Follow-up consisted of 1939 011 person-years, and data for 1065 reported cases of colorectal cancer were included in the analysis. Dietary fibre in foods was inversely related to incidence of large bowel cancer (adjusted relative risk 0.75 [95% CI 0.59-0.95] for the highest versus lowest quintile of intake), the protective effect being greatest for the left side of the colon, and least for the rectum. After calibration with more detailed dietary data, the adjusted relative risk for the highest versus lowest quintile of fibre from food intake was 0.58 (0.41-0.85). No food source of fibre was significantly more protective than others, and non-food supplement sources of fibre were not investigated. Interpretation In populations with low average intake of dietary fibre, an approximate doubling of total fibre intake from foods could reduce the risk of colorectal cancer by 40%.
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| 5. |
- Hallgren, C G, et al.
(författare)
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Markers of high fish intake are associated with decreased risk of a first myocardial infarction
- 2001
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 86:3, s. 397-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High intake of fish has been associated with reduced risk of CHD. The high content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in fish has been suggested to be a protective factor. In addition, fish is the entirely dominating source of methylmercury for the general population, and the concentration of Hg in erythrocytes (Ery-Hg) is often used as an index of fish consumption. Our aim was to study the relationships between a first-ever myocardial infarction, Ery-Hg, activity of gluthathione peroxidase in erythrocytes (Ery-GSH-Px) and plasma concentration of the n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (P-PUFA). In a population-based prospective nested case-control study within Northern Sweden seventy-eight cases of a first-ever myocardial infarction were compared with 156 controls with respect to Ery-Hg, P-PUFA and Ery-GSH-Px. Both Ery-Hg and P-PUFA, but not Ery-GSH-Px, were significantly higher in subjects reporting high fish intake (at least one meal per week) than in those with lower intake. This finding suggests that Ery-Hg and P-PUFA reflect previous long-term fish intake. Low risk of myocardial infarction was associated with high Ery-Hg or high P-PUFA. In a multivariate model the risk of myocardial infarction was further reduced in subjects with both high Ery-Hg and high P-PUFA (odds ratio 0.16, 95 % CI 0.04, 0.65). In conclusion, there is a strong inverse association between the risk of a first myocardial infarction and the biomarkers of fish intake, Ery-Hg and P-PUFA, and this association is independent of traditional risk factors.
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| 6. |
- Kjellberg, L, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking, diet, pregnancy and oral contraceptive use as risk factors for cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia in relation to human papillomavirus infection.
- 2000
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 82:7, s. 1332-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smoking, nutrition, parity and oral contraceptive use have been reported as major environmental risk factors for cervical cancer. After the discovery of the very strong link between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer, it is unclear whether the association of these environmental factors with cervical cancer reflect secondary associations attributable to confounding by HPV, if they are independent risk factors or whether they may act as cofactors to HPV infection in cervical carcinogenesis. To investigate this issue, we performed a population-based case-control study in the Vasterbotten county of Northern Sweden of 137 women with high-grade cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN 2-3) and 253 healthy age-matched women. The women answered a 94-item questionnaire on diet, smoking, oral contraceptive use and sexual history and donated specimens for diagnosis of present HPV infection (nested polymerase chain reaction on cervical brush samples) and for past or present HPV infections (HPV seropositivity). The previously described protective effects of dietary micronutrients were not detected. Pregnancy appeared to be a risk factor in the multivariate analysis (P < 0.0001). Prolonged oral contraceptive use and sexual history were associated with CIN 2-3 in univariate analysis, but these associations lost significance after taking HPV into account. Smoking was associated with CIN 2-3 (odds ratio (OR) 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-4.0), the effect was dose-dependent (P = 0.002) and the smoking-associated risk was not affected by adjusting for HPV, neither when adjusting for HPV DNA (OR 2.5, CI 1.3-4.9) nor when adjusting for HPV seropositivity (OR 3.0, CI 1.9-4.7). In conclusion, after taking HPV into account, smoking appeared to be the most significant environmental risk factor for cervical neoplasia.
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| 7. |
- Thøgersen, AM, et al.
(författare)
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Homozygosity for the C677-->T mutation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and total plasma homocyst(e) ine are not associated with greater than normal risk of a first myocardial infarction in northern Sweden
- 2001
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Ingår i: Coronary Artery Disease. - 0954-6928 .- 1473-5830. ; 12:2, s. 85-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Results of several case-control studies have shown elevated total plasma homocyst(e)ine (TPH) and homozygosity for the point mutation C677-->T in the gene for 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) to be associated with a greater than normal risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease. However, there have been few epidemiologic studies and the interpretation of the results is not clear-cut. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate whether homozygosity for the point mutation C677-->T in the gene for MTHFR, and TPH are risk factors for a first myocardial infarction. DESIGN: A prospective nested case-control study in Northern Sweden. METHODS: Among more than 36000 persons screened, 78 cases satisfied the inclusion criterion of having developed, after sampling, a first myocardial infarction. For each case, two controls matched for sex and age were randomly selected. RESULTS: We found no statistically significant difference among the prevalences of the three possible MTHFR genotypes -/- (no mutation), +/+ (both alleles have the mutation), and +/- among cases and controls in univariate conditional logistic regression analysis. Mean levels of TPH in patients and controls were 12.2+/-4.9 and 12.2+/-3.5 micromol/l (means +/- SD), respectively (NS). CONCLUSIONS: In this study neither homozygosity for the point mutation C677-->T in the gene for MTHFR nor TPH was related to a greater than normal risk of a first myocardial infarction for members of the population of northern Sweden. Further research is needed in order to show whether TPH is an independent risk factor for a first myocardial infarction.
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