| 1. |
- Fujita, Yushi, et al.
(författare)
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Failures without errors : Quantification of context in HRA
- 2004
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Ingår i: Reliability Engineering & System Safety. - : Elsevier BV. - 0951-8320 .- 1879-0836. ; 83:2, s. 145-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PSA-cum-human reliability analysis (HRA) has traditionally used individual human actions, hence individual 'human errors', as a meaningful unit of analysis. This is inconsistent with the current understanding of accidents, which points out that the notion of 'human error' is ill defined and that adverse events more often are the due to the working conditions than to people. Several HRA approaches, such as ATHEANA and CREAM have recognised this conflict and proposed ways to deal with it. This paper describes an improvement of the basic screening method in CREAM, whereby a rating of the performance conditions can be used to calculate a Mean Failure Rate directly without invoking the notion of human error.
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| 2. |
- Gripe, Isabella
(författare)
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Cannabis use in adolescence : studies of trends, correlates and adverse mental health consequences
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Cannabis is currently the most commonly used illicit psychoactive substance. Cannabis use is typically initiated during adolescence and is more common among young people than among adults. Cannabis use is associated with negative health and social consequences and early initiation increases the risk of negative outcomes. Cannabis may be particularly harmful to individuals whose brain is not yet fully developed. Overall aims: The overall aim was to improve our understanding of various aspects of the epidemiology of cannabis use among adolescents. The four studies within the thesis highlight the following main research questions regarding adolescents: (I) Are trends in cannabis use related to trends in drinking? (II) Is socioeconomic status (SES) related to cannabis use? (III) Do pupils in introductory programs (IPs) have an increased risk of cannabis use compared with pupils in national programs? (IV) Is there an association between cannabis use and mental distress? Data and methods: Data for three of the four studies came from a nationally representative, self-reported, and anonymous school survey conducted annually by the Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs. The survey is cross-sectional and the sample consists of Swedish 9th grade pupils (15–16 years of age) and pupils in year 2 in upper secondary school (17–18 years of age). To assess whether trends in cannabis use were related to trends in drinking, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time-series analysis was used (Study I). To assess the association between self-reported cannabis use and socioeconomic status (SES) and academic orientation, respectively, multi-level mixed-effects Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used. Because the pupils were clustered in school classes, the assumption of independence between observations was not met. Hence, data were analyzed with a random intercept for the school/school class level (Studies II and III). In the fourth study, data stemmed from the Young in Norway Longitudinal Study. The study covered a broad range of topics and followed a cohort of young people prospectively over 13 years. The cohort was assessed in 1992, 1994, 1999, and 2005. Only those who participated in all four waves and who were aged 11–18 years in 1992 were included in the analysis (n = 1,988). The within-person association between increased cannabis use and mental distress was assessed using fixed-effects modeling. Results: Alcohol and cannabis consumption functioned neither as complements nor as substitutes in the general population of Swedish 15–16-year-olds. Among cannabis users, there was a positive association between consumption of alcohol and cannabis use. However, this association had become weaker over time, suggesting that alcohol and cannabis used to be complements, but no longer are (Study I). Childhood SES was associated with cannabis use. Those who had at least one parent with higher education were at higher risk of lifetime cannabis use, but had a lower risk of frequent (51+ times) cannabis use. Truancy, risk assessment of cannabis, and parental attitude attenuated the latter association (Study II). Academic orientation was associated with frequent (21+ times) cannabis use. Pupils from IPs and vocational programs had an increased risk of having used cannabis 21+ times compared with pupils in higher education preparatory programs. However, the association was attenuated and no longer significant when SES, truancy, school dissatisfaction, and early onset of substance use were adjusted for. Moreover, including pupils from IPs when calculating the prevalence of cannabis use did not alter the national estimate of cannabis use among Swedish adolescents aged 17–18 years (Study III). Changes in cannabis use during adolescence and young adulthood were associated with increased risk of anxiety, symptoms of depression, and suicidal ideation among males. In females, increased cannabis use was associated with an increased risk of anxiety and suicidal ideation (Study IV). Conclusion: Cannabis and alcohol act neither as complements nor as substitutes among Swedish adolescents. Hence, prevention strategies aimed at either substance are unlikely to affect use of the other. Moreover, the findings strengthen the assumption that cannabis use in adolescence and young adulthood is associated with adverse mental health consequences. The thesis also shows SES differences in cannabis use, related to both parental education level and academic orientation. Adolescents whose parents lack higher education and those who attend a vocational program or IP at upper secondary school have an increased risk of using cannabis more frequently. Overall, the results indicate that young people's cannabis use is an important public health issue and that it is important to try to prevent cannabis use. The thesis also highlights that there are groups that are particularly vulnerable where targeted efforts may be needed to reduce the use of cannabis.
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| 3. |
- Liu, ZF, et al.
(författare)
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Huaier Extract Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth via Targeting AR/AR-V7 Pathway
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in oncology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2234-943X. ; 11, s. 615568-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The androgen receptor (AR) plays a pivotal role in prostatic carcinogenesis, and it also affects the transition from hormone sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Particularly, the persistent activation of the androgen receptor and the appearance of androgen receptor splicing variant 7 (AR-V7), could partly explain the failure of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). In the present study, we reported that huaier extract, derived from officinal fungi, has potent antiproliferative effects in both HSPC and CRPC cells. Mechanistically, huaier extract downregulated both full length AR (AR-FL) and AR-V7 mRNA levels via targeting the SET and MYND domain-containing protein 3 (SMYD3) signaling pathway. Huaier extract also enhanced proteasome-mediated protein degradation of AR-FL and AR-V7 by downregulating proteasome-associated deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14). Furthermore, huaier extract inhibited AR-FL/AR-V7 transcriptional activity and their nuclear translocation. More importantly, our data demonstrated that huaier extract could re-sensitize enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells to enzalutamide treatment in vitro and in vivo models. Our work revealed that huaier extract could be effective for treatment of prostate cancer either as monotherapy or in combination with enzalutamide.
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| 4. |
- Liu, Zhuhuan, 1995-, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying actor and stakeholder complexity for sustainability transition in the transportation sector: a case study in Sweden
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Given its fragmented nature and tendency towards natural monopolies, how to systematically kick off or manage the sustainability transition in the transport sector remains unknown. The Digital Transport Southern Stockholm project established an ideal testbed for sustainable transportation transition within a defined area. As part of the project, this study presented real-life examples of the potential opportunities and challenges in an innovation-driven and sustainability-oriented transportation project. Inspired by the success of participatory approaches in assisting system thinking in the field of business management, this research work combined backcasting and game simulation methods to collect and connect the stakeholder perspectives, further addressing uncertainties and providing guidance for navigating the actor and stakeholder complexities inherent during the transition. The results disclosed the missing top-down and bottom-up dimensions in the traditional decision-making structure and emphasized the crucial role of communication and collaboration between sectors with consistent policies, incentives, and fiscal support.
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| 5. |
- Liu, Zhendong, et al.
(författare)
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Implications of the operation of multiple pantographs on the soft catenary systems in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part F, journal of rail and rapid transit. - : Sage Publications. - 0954-4097 .- 2041-3017. ; 53:3, s. 341-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trains operating with several pantographs are used in Sweden and other countries. The more complex operational conditions, however, cause additional difficulties, i.e. low quality of current collection, increased mechanical wear and electromagnetic interference, due to the poor dynamic behaviour of the system. In order to address these problems, a three-dimensional model for the computational analysis of the interaction between catenary and pantograph is presented and validated in this paper, and the dynamic behaviour of the multi-pantograph system, based on Swedish soft pantograph/catenary systems, is analysed. Parametric studies are performed to investigate cases with different distances between pantographs and with up to three pantographs in use. The relationship between dynamic performance and other parameters, i.e. the number of pantographs in use, running speed and the position of the pantographs, is studied. The results show that an appropriate distance between pantographs and a given type of catenary allow operation on the existing infrastructure with up to three pantographs while maintaining an acceptable dynamic performance at the desired speed.
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