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- Denker, B., et al.
(författare)
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New crystalline material for 1.5 μm lasers : Yb,Er - Activated GdCa 4O(BO3)3
- 2004
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Ingår i: Advanced Solid-State Photonics. - Washington, D.C. : Optics Info Base, Optical Society of America. - 1557527717 ; , s. 430-434
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new crystalline medium for 1.5 μm Yb-Er lasers is proposed: GdCa 4O(BO3)3 (GdCOB). Its melting point allows crystal growth using platinum instead of iridium crucibles. Spectroscopic and laser tests of the new material are described. A maximum CW output power of 80 mW was achieved in a monolithic microchip cavity under laser diode pumping.
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- Adsten, M, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of radiation distribution on the absorber in an asymmetric CPC collector
- 2004
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Ingår i: Solar Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-092X .- 1471-1257. ; 76:1-3, s. 199-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method to estimate the annual collected energy and the annual average optical efficiency factor is suggested. The radiation distribution on the absorber of an asymmetric CPC collector with a flat bi-facial absorber is measured for three different absorber mounting angles using a photo diode. The annual optical efficiency factors and a relative measure of the annual collected energy are determined for collectors with the absorber fin thickness 0.5 and 1 mm, and for a collector with a teflon convection suppression film mounted around the absorber. With the local optical efficiency factors and the annual incident solar energy distribution considered, the analysis indicates that the energy gain for a mounting angle of 20 is higher than for a collector with 65 absorber mounting angle. The annual collected energy is increased with 6-8% if the absorber fin thickness is increased from 0.5 to 1 mm. The annual average optical efficiency factor is relatively independent of the absorber mounting angle. It was found to be 0.87-0.88 for a collector with a 0.5 mm thick absorber fin and 0.92 for a collector with a 1 mm thick absorber fin or for a collector with 0.5 mm thick absorber fin with a teflon convection suppression film added. The low annual average optical efficiency factor is not caused by the uneven irradiance distribution but by the relatively high U-L-values. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Hellström, L, et al.
(författare)
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Cadmium exposure and end-stage renal disease
- 2001
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Ingår i: American Journal of Kidney Diseases. - 0272-6386 .- 1523-6838. ; 38:5, s. 1001-1008
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental exposure to cadmium may cause kidney damage and tubular proteinuria. We investigated the relationship between low-level cadmium exposure and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), indicated by renal replacement therapy (RRT), in a Swedish population environmentally or occupationally exposed to cadmium. Based on records of all persons in the population previously or presently employed in cadmium-battery production or residing in cadmium-polluted areas near the battery plants, we defined exposure as high (occupational), moderate (domicile < 2 km from a plant), low (domicile 2 to 10 km from a plant), or no exposure (domicile > 10 km from a plant). Comprehensive data were available for all individuals undergoing RRT since 1978. The annual incidence of RRT increased from 41 per million in the age group 20 to 29 years to 243 per million in the age group 70 to 79 years and was greater in a priori-defined populations with cadmium exposure. Adjusting for age and sex gave an increased Mantel-Haenszel rate ratio (MH-RR) of 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 2.3) for RRT in the cadmium-exposed population compared with the unexposed group, the MH-RR was even higher for women (MH-RR, 2.3, 95% CI, 1.5 to 3.5). Directly age-standardized rate ratios for RRT and cadmium exposure increased from 1.4 (95% CI, 0.8 to 2.0) in the low-exposure group to 1.9 (95% CI, 1.3 to 2.5) and 2.3 (95% CI, 0.6 to 6.0) in the moderate- and high-exposure groups, respectively. We conclude that exposure to occupational or relatively low environmental levels of cadmium appears to be a determinant for the development of ESRD. ⌐ 2001 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
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