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| 2. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Delayed Cord Clamping on Neurodevelopment at 4 Years of Age : A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: JAMA pediatrics. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6203 .- 2168-6211. ; 169:7, s. 631-638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Prevention of iron deficiency in infancy may promote neurodevelopment. Delayuci umbilical cord clamping (CC) prevents iron deficiency at 4 to 6 months of age, but long-term effects after 12 months of age have not been reported. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of delayed CC compared with early CC on neurodevelopment at 4 years of age. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Follow-up of a randomized clinical trial conducted from April 16, 2008, through May 21, 2010, at a Swedish county hospital. Children who were included in the original study (n = 382) as full-term infants born after a low-risk pregnancy were invited to return for follow-up at 4 years of age. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-111) and Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC) scores (collected between April 18, 2012, and July 5, 2013) were assessed by a blinded psychologist. Between April 11, 2012, and August 13, 2013, parents recorded their child's development using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ) and behavior using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. All data were analyzed by intention to treat. INTERVENTIONS Randomization to delayed CC (>= 180 seconds after delivery) or early CC (<= 10 seconds after delivery). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was full-scale IQ as assessed by the were development as assessed by the scales from the WPPSI-III and Movement ABC, development as recorded using the ASQ, and behavior using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS We assessed 263 children (68.8%). No differences were found in WPPSI-III scores between groups. Delayed CC improved the adjusted mean differences (AMDs) in the ASQ personal-social (AMD, 2.8; 95% Cl, 0.8-4.7) and fine-motor (AMD, 2.1; 95% Cl, 0.2-4.0) domains and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire prosocial subscale (AMD, 0.5; 95% Cl, >0.0-0.9). Fewer children in the delayed-CC group had results below the cutoff in the ASQ fine-motor domain (11.0% vs 3.7%; P =.02) and the Movement ABC bicycle-trail task (12.9% vs 3.8%; P =.02). Boys who received delayed CC had significantly higher AMDs in the WPPSI-III processing-speed quotient (AMD, 4.2; 95% Cl, 0.8-7.6; P =.02), Movement ABC bicycle-trail task (AMD, 0.8; 95% Cl, 0.1-1.5; P =.03), and fine-motor (AMD, 4.7; 95% Cl, 1.0-8.4; P =.01) and personal-social (AMD, 4.9; 95% Cl, 1.6-8.3; P =.004) domains of the ASQ. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Delayed CC compared with early CC improved scores in the fine-motor at 4 years of age, especially in boys, indicating that optimizing the time to CC may affect neurodevelopment in a low-risk population of children born in a high-income country.
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| 4. |
- Agyemang, Alex Adusei, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebellar Exposure to Cell-Free Hemoglobin Following Preterm Intraventricular Hemorrhage: Causal in Cerebellar Damage?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Translational Stroke Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1868-4483 .- 1868-601X. ; 8:5, s. 461-473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decreased cerebellar volume is associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very preterm infants and may be a principal component in neurodevelopmental impairment. Cerebellar deposition of blood products from the subarachnoid space has been suggested as a causal mechanism in cerebellar underdevelopment following IVH. Using the preterm rabbit pup IVH model, we evaluated the effects of IVH induced at E29 (3 days prior to term) on cerebellar development at term-equivalent postnatal day 0 (P0), term-equivalent postnatal day 2 (P2), and term-equivalent postnatal day 5 (P5). Furthermore, the presence of cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) in cerebellar tissue was characterized, and cell-free Hb was evaluated as a causal factor in the development of cerebellar damage following preterm IVH. IVH was associated with a decreased proliferative (Ki67-positive) portion of the external granular layer (EGL), delayed Purkinje cell maturation, and activated microglia in the cerebellar white matter. In pups with IVH, immunolabeling of the cerebellum at P0 demonstrated a widespread presence of cell-free Hb, primarily distributed in the white matter and the molecular layer. Intraventricular injection of the Hb scavenger haptoglobin (Hp) resulted in a corresponding distribution of immunolabeled Hp in the cerebellum and a partial reversal of the damaging effects observed following IVH. The results suggest that cell-free Hb is causally involved in cerebellar damage following IVH and that blocking cell-free Hb may have protective effects.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Adoption of ITS for dangerous goods road transportation – a review and research agenda
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ad transport of dangerous goods is due to its inherent risk associated with a potential impact far higher than the small volumes might suggest, and has therefore been the target of numerous ITS-related initiatives. However, there are few indications of actual working ITS solutions for dangerous goods. In this paper we conduct an empirical investigation of past projects and research to analyze the nature of the challenges of adopting ITS for dangerous goods. In line with prior findings on freight related advanced ITS, we find that challenges pertaining to incentives and business models, organizing and industry structure play a crucial, yet unrecognized part.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Ola, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Elective caesarean : does delay in cord clamping for 30 s ensure sufficient iron stores at 4 months of age? A historical cohort control study
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 6:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare iron stores in infants born after elective caesarean section (CS) and a 30 s delay of umbilical cord clamping with those born vaginally after early (≤10 s) or delayed (≥180 s) cord clamping.DESIGN: Prospective observational study with historical control.SETTING: Swedish county hospital.POPULATION: 64 infants born after elective CS were compared with a historical control of 166 early clamped and 168 delayed clamped after vaginal birth.METHODS: Blood and iron status were measured in blood samples collected at birth, 48-96 hours after birth, 4 and 12 months of age.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Ferritin at 4 months of age was the primary outcome, second outcome measures were other indicators of iron status, and haemoglobin, at 4 and 12 months of age, as well as respiratory distress at 1 and 6 hours after birth.RESULTS: At 4 months infants born by elective CS had better iron status than those born vaginally subjected to early cord clamping, shown by higher adjusted mean difference of ferritin concentration (39 µg/L (95% CI 10 to 60)) and mean cell volume (1.8 fL (95% CI 0.6 to 3.0)); and lower levels of transferrin receptors (-0.39 mg/L (95% CI -0.69 to -0.08)). No differences were seen between infants born after elective CS and delayed clamped vaginally born infants at 4 months. No differences were found between groups at 12 months of age.CONCLUSIONS: Waiting to clamp the umbilical cord for 30 s after elective CS results in higher iron stores at 4 months of age compared with early cord clamping after vaginal birth, and seems to ensure iron status comparable with those achieved after 180 s delayed cord clamping after vaginal birth.
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| 7. |
- Askelöf, U., et al.
(författare)
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Wait a minute? : An observational cohort study comparing iron stores in healthy Swedish infants at 4 months of age after 10-, 60- and 180-second umbilical cord clamping
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 2044-6055. ; 7:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objective: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a valuable stem cell source used for transplantation. Immediate umbilical cord (UC) clamping is widely practised, but delayed UC clamping is increasingly advocated to reduce possible infant anaemia. The aim of this study was to investigate an intermediate UC clamping time point and to evaluate iron status at the age of 4 months in infants who had the UC clamped after 60 s and compare the results with immediate and late UC clamping. Design: Prospective observational study with two historical controls. Setting: A university hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, and a county hospital in Halland, Sweden. Methods: Iron status was assessed at 4 months in 200 prospectively recruited term infants whose UC was clamped 60 s after birth. The newborn baby was held below the uterine level for the first 30 s before placing the infant on the mother's abdomen for additional 30 s. The results were compared with data from a previously conducted randomised controlled trial including infants subjected to UC clamping at ≤10 s (n=200) or ≥180 s (n=200) after delivery. Results: After adjustment for age differences at the time of follow-up, serum ferritin concentrations were 77, 103 and 114 μg/L in the 10, 60 and 180 s groups, respectively. The adjusted ferritin concentration was significantly higher in the 60 s group compared with the 10 s group (P=0.002), while the difference between the 60 and 180 s groups was not significant (P=0.29). Conclusion: In this study of healthy term infants, 60 s UC clamping with 30 s lowering of the baby below the uterine level resulted in higher serum ferritin concentrations at 4 months compared with 10 s UC clamping. The results suggest that delaying the UC clamping for 60 s reduces the risk for iron deficiency. © 2017 Article author(s).
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| 8. |
- Bengtsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Age and sex determination of mallards Anas platyrhynchos in autumn
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ornis Svecica. - 1102-6812 .- 2003-2633. ; 26, s. 61-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mallard is a well-known and important species in migration ecology, game management,and epidemiology. Males and females are generally easily told apart, whereas ageing isproblematic, due to individual timing of the moult cycle and lack of easily defined agecriteria. From examination and photographic documentation of mallards caught within a longtermringing program at Ottenby Bird Observatory (56°12′N, 16°24′E), we describe ninecharacters of plumage and bare parts to be used for ageing mallards in autumn. The reliabilityof these characters was tested by letting experienced bird ringers determine putative age ofbirds from photos. Age determination from any single character proved to be uncertain, as therate of correctly assigned mallard photos of each character was in the range of 51-85% formales and 48-89% for females. For both sexes, the lowest figure represented post-humeralsand the highest represented tertials. Rectrices, tertial coverts, and greater coverts also hadreasonably high scores (71-85%). With all characters at hand, 91% of the males and 95% ofthe females were correctly identified to age. As young mallards, with the progress of prebreedingmoult (completed from October onwards), acquire tail and tertials identical to adults,untypical individuals are better not assigned to an age category.
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of ball temperature on ball speed and carry distance in golf drives
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P. - London, UK : Sage Publications. - 1754-3371. ; 233:2, s. 186-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ball temperature on impact ball speed and carry distance during golf drives in a blind randomized test design. The balls were exposed to a temperature-controlled environment (4 °C, 18 °C, 32 °C, and 46 °C) for 24 h prior to the test and each temperature group consisted of 30 balls. The 120 drives were performed by an elite male golfer (handicap: 0.0) in an indoor driving range. All drives were measured by a Doppler-radar system to determine the club-head speed, launch angle, spin rate, ball speed, and carry distance. Differences between the groups were investigated using a one-way analysis of variance. The results indicated that ball-speed and carry-distance differences occurred within the four groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The post hoc analyses showed that the ball temperatures of 18 °C and 32 °C had greater ball speeds and carry distances than balls at 4 °C and 46 °C (all p < 0.05). The intervals for the between-group differences were 0.6–0.7 m s –1 and 2.9–3.9 m for ball speed and carry distance, respectively. Hence, the results showed that ball temperature influences both the ball speed and the carry distance. Based on the findings in this study, standardization of ball temperature should be factored into governing body regulation tests for golf equipment. © IMechE 2018.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of ball temperature on ball speed and carry distance in golf drives
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- THE EFFECT OF BALL TEMPERATURE ON BALL SPEED AND CARRY DISTANCE IN GOLF DRIVESCarlsson, T.1, Nilsson, J.1,2, Hellström, J.3, Tinmark, F.2, Carlsson, M.1. 1: Dalarna University (Falun, Sweden), 2: The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (Stockholm, Sweden), 3: The Swedish Golf Federation (Stockholm, Sweden). IntroductionPreviously it was reported that golf-ball temperature has influence on the golf balls’ coefficient of restitution, impact duration, and maximal deformation (Allen et al., 2012). They concluded that their research was the first step in a process for determining the effect of temperature on a golf drive. However, how large influence the golf-ball temperature has on golf drives remains to be investigated. The purpose was to investigate the effect of ball temperature on impact ball speed and carry distance during golf drives in a blind randomized test design. MethodsThe balls were exposed to a temperature-controlled environment (4°C, 18°C, 32°C, and 46°C) for twenty-four hours prior to the test, and each of the four different ball-temperature groups consisted of 30 balls. The 120 drives were performed by an elite male golfer (handicap: 0.0) in an indoor driving range. All drives were measured by a Doppler-radar system to determine club-head speed, launch angle, spin rate, ball speed, and carry distance. Differences between the four ball-temperature groups were investigate using a one-way analysis of variance. ResultsThe results indicate that there are ball-speed and carry-distance differences within the four ball-temperature groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). The post-hoc analyses showed that the ball temperatures 18°C and 32°C had both greater ball speeds and carry distances compared to the balls in the ball-temperature groups 4°C and 46°C (all P < 0.05); the intervals for the between-group differences were 2.0 to 2.4 km/h and 2.9 to 3.9 m for ball speed and carry distance, respectively.ConclusionThe novel results of the current study show that the ball’s temperature has a significant effect on the ball speed after club-head impact and carry distance for drives performed by an elite golfer. The ball temperatures 18°C and 32°C gave significantly increased ball speeds and carry distances compared to the ball-temperature groups 4°C and 46°C. This knowledge could be used to maximise the carry distance and/or to minimise the carry-distance variability related to ball temperature.REFERENCES:Allen T, Bowley A, Wood P, Henrikson E, Morales E, James D. (2012) Procedia Eng, 34, 634-639.
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