| 1. |
- Chen, Shan, et al.
(author)
-
Characterization of the stability of Vibrio fluvialis JS17 amine transaminase
- 2018
-
In: Journal of Biotechnology. - : Elsevier. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 282, s. 10-17
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The amine transaminase from Vibrio fluvialis (Vf-ATA) is an attractive enzyme with applications within Biocatalysis for the preparation of chiral amines. Various catalytic properties of Vf-ATA have been investigated, but a biophysical characterization of its stability has been lacking. Today, the industrial application of Vf-ATA is limited by its low operational stability. In order to enhance the knowledge regarding the structural stability of ATAs, general characterizations of different ATAs are required. In this work, the stability of Vf-ATA was explored. First, the affinity between enzyme and pyridoxal-5’-phosphate (PLP) (KD value of 7.9 ΌM) was determined. Addition of PLP to enzyme preparations significantly improved the enzyme thermal stability by preventing enzyme unfolding. With the aim to understand if this was due to the PLP phosphate group coordination into the phosphate group binding cup, the effect of phosphate buffer on the enzyme stability was compared to HEPES buffer. Low concentrations of phosphate buffer showed a positive effect on the enzyme initial activity, while higher phosphate buffer concentrations prevented cofactor dissociation. Additionally, the effects of various amine or ketone substrates on the enzyme stability were explored. All tested amines caused a concentration dependent enzyme inactivation, while the corresponding ketones showed no or stabilizing effects. The enzyme inactivation due to the presence of amine can be connected to the formation of PMP, which forms in the presence of amines in the absence of ketone. Since PMP is not covalently bound to the enzyme, it could readily leave the enzyme upon formation. Exploring the different stability effects of cofactor, substrates, additives and buffer system on ATAs seems to be important in order to understand and improve the general performance of ATAs.
|
|
| 2. |
- Chen, Shan, et al.
(author)
-
The effect of phosphate group binding cup coordination on the stability of the amine transaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum
- 2018
-
In: Molecular Catalysis. - : Elsevier. - 2468-8231. ; 446, s. 115-123
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The amine transaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv-ATA) is a pyridoxal-5’-phosphate (PLP)dependent enzyme. The biological activity of this enzyme requires the formation of a holo homo dimer.The operational stability of Cv-ATA is, however, low due to dimer dissociation. At the enzyme dimeric interface, two phosphate group binding cups (PGBC) are located. Each cup coordinates the phosphate group of PLP by hydrogen bonds originating from both subunits. Hypothetically, molecular coordination of phosphate groups (PLP or free inorganic phosphate) into the PGBC can affect both dimer stabilization and enzyme activity. To test this assumption, the influence of phosphate (as a functional group in PLP or as free inorganic anions) on the stability and activity of Cv-ATA was explored by various biophysical techniques. The results show that Cv-ATA has a relatively low affinity towards PLP, which results in an excess of apo dimeric enzyme after enzyme purification. Incubation of the apo dimer in buffer solution supplemented with PLP restored the active holo dimer. The addition of PLP or inorganic phosphate into the enzyme storage solutions protected Cv-ATA from both chemical and long term storage unfolding. The use of phosphate buffer leads to faster inactivation of the holo enzyme, compared to the use of HEPES buffer. These results open up for new perspectives on how to improve the stability of PLP-dependent enzymes.
|
|
| 3. |
- Dorau, Robin, et al.
(author)
-
Improved Enantioselectivity of Subtilisin Carlsberg Towards Secondary Alcohols by Protein Engineering
- 2018
-
In: ChemBioChem. - : Wiley. - 1439-4227 .- 1439-7633. ; 19:4, s. 338-346
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Generally, the catalytic activity of subtilisin Carlsberg (SC) for transacylation reactions with secondary alcohols in organic solvent is low. Enzyme immobilization and protein engineering was performed to improve the enantioselectivity of SC towards secondary alcohols. Possible amino-acid residues for mutagenesis were found by combining available literature data with molecular modeling. SC variants were created by site-directed mutagenesis and were evaluated for a model transacylation reaction containing 1-phenylethanol in THF. Variants showing high E values (>100) were found. However, the conversions were still low. A second mutation was made, and both the E values and conversions were increased. Relative to that shown by the wild type, the most successful variant, G165L/M221F, showed increased conversion (up to 36 %), enantioselectivity (E values up to 400), substrate scope, and stability in THF.
|
|
| 4. |
- Land, Henrik, et al.
(author)
-
YASARA : A tool to obtain structural guidance in biocatalytic investigations
- 2018
-
In: Protein Engineering. - New York, NY : Humana Press. - 9781493973644 ; , s. 43-67
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In biocatalysis, structural knowledge regarding an enzyme and its substrate interactions complements and guides experimental investigations. Structural knowledge regarding an enzyme or a biocatalytic reaction system can be generated through computational techniques, such as homology- or molecular modeling. For this type of computational work, a computer program developed for molecular modeling of proteins is required. Here, we describe the use of the program YASARA Structure. Protocols for two specific biocatalytic applications, including both homology modeling and molecular modeling such as energy minimization, molecular docking simulations and molecular dynamics simulations, are shown. The applications are chosen to give realistic examples showing how structural knowledge through homology and molecular modeling is used to guide biocatalytic investigations and protein engineering studies.
|
|
