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| 2. |
- Fenstermacher, M.E., et al.
(författare)
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DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
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| 3. |
- Santangelo, James S., et al.
(författare)
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Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural dines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.
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| 4. |
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The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 259:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 survey that publicly releases infrared spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the subsurvey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey subsurvey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated value-added catalogs. This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper, Local Volume Mapper, and Black Hole Mapper surveys.
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| 5. |
- Sikkema, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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An integrated cell atlas of the lung in health and disease
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Nature. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 29:6, s. 1563-1577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-cell technologies have transformed our understanding of human tissues. Yet, studies typically capture only a limited number of donors and disagree on cell type definitions. Integrating many single-cell datasets can address these limitations of individual studies and capture the variability present in the population. Here we present the integrated Human Lung Cell Atlas (HLCA), combining 49 datasets of the human respiratory system into a single atlas spanning over 2.4 million cells from 486 individuals. The HLCA presents a consensus cell type re-annotation with matching marker genes, including annotations of rare and previously undescribed cell types. Leveraging the number and diversity of individuals in the HLCA, we identify gene modules that are associated with demographic covariates such as age, sex and body mass index, as well as gene modules changing expression along the proximal-to-distal axis of the bronchial tree. Mapping new data to the HLCA enables rapid data annotation and interpretation. Using the HLCA as a reference for the study of disease, we identify shared cell states across multiple lung diseases, including SPP1 + profibrotic monocyte-derived macrophages in COVID-19, pulmonary fibrosis and lung carcinoma. Overall, the HLCA serves as an example for the development and use of large-scale, cross-dataset organ atlases within the Human Cell Atlas.
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| 6. |
- Torregrosa-Martin, C., et al.
(författare)
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Overview of IFMIF-DONES diagnostics : Requirements and techniques
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fusion engineering and design. - : Elsevier. - 0920-3796 .- 1873-7196. ; 191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IFMIF-DONES Facility is a unique first-class scientific infrastructure whose construction is foreseen in Granada, Spain, in the coming years. Strong integration efforts are being made at the current project phase aiming at harmonizing the ongoing design of the different and complex Systems of the facility. The consolidation of the Diagnostics and Instrumentation, transversal across many of them, is a key element of this purpose. A top-down strategy is proposed for a systematic Diagnostics Review and Requirement definition, putting emphasis in the one-of-a-kind instruments necessary by the operational particularities of some of the Systems, as well as to the harsh environment that they shall survive. In addition, other transversal aspects such as the ones related to Safety and Machine Protection and their respective requirements shall be also considered. The goal is therefore to advance further and solidly in the respective designs, identify problems in advance, and steer the Diagnostics development and validation campaigns that will be required. The present work provides an overview of this integration strategy as well as a description of some of the most challenging Diagnostics and Instruments within the facility, including several proposed techniques currently under study.
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| 7. |
- Grandhi, G. Krishnamurthy, et al.
(författare)
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Wide-Bandgap Perovskite-Inspired Materials: Defect-Driven Challenges for High-Performance Optoelectronics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The remarkable success of lead halide perovskites (LHPs) in photovoltaics and other optoelectronics is significantly linked to their defect tolerance, although this correlation remains not fully clear. The tendency of LHPs to decompose into toxic lead-containing compounds in the presence of humid air calls for the need of low-toxicity LHP alternatives comprising of cations with stable oxidation states. To this aim, a plethora of low-dimensional and wide-bandgap perovskite-inspired materials (PIMs) are proposed. Unfortunately, the optoelectronic performance of PIMs currently lags behind that of their LHP-based counterparts, with a key limiting factor being the high concentration of defects in PIMs, whose rich and complex chemistry is still inadequately understood. This review discusses the defect chemistry of relevant PIMs belonging to the halide elpasolite, vacancy-ordered double perovskite, pnictogen-based metal halide, Ag-Bi-I, and metal chalcohalide families of materials. The defect-driven optical and charge-carrier transport properties of PIMs and their device performance within and beyond photovoltaics are especially discussed. Finally, a view on potential solutions for advancing the research on wide-bandgap PIMs is provided. The key insights of this review will help to tackle the commercialization challenges of these emerging semiconductors with low toxicity and intrinsic air stability.
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| 8. |
- López-Olvera, Alfredo, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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SO2 Capture at Low Pressure in a Prototypical MIL-53 Aluminum MOF Family : The Influence of Pore Expansion
- 2023
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 62:51, s. 20901-20905
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Not only is excellent performance in SO2 capture by porous materials (uptake above 17 mmol g–1) relevant, but also finding a correlation between the architecture changes into a family and their SO2 adsorption is very useful. In this contribution, we studied the SO2 adsorption behavior (at very low pressure) of an Al(III)-MOF family that shares the pore architecture of MIL-53. The results indicate an inversely proportional trend for the SO2 capture and pore expansion, since by increasing the length of the channel pore, the SO2 uptake gradually decreases. In addition, this trend is clearly observed in the heat of adsorption, which describes the interaction between the SO2 molecule and the μ-OH functional group. These finding are supported by experimental analysis and computational studies.
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| 9. |
- Medel, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Encapsulation of dopamine within SU-101 : insights by computational chemistry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; 59:56, s. 8684-8687
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Encapsulating and protecting dopamine from oxidation is a difficult challenge. We propose to use SU-101 BioMOF as a dopamine host, where we study different adsorption scenarios by a robust computational approach. Our results show that dopamine encapsulation is feasible with the formation of non-covalent interactions within the SU-101 pores. These computational results have been corroborated experimentally.
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| 10. |
- Obeso, Juan L., et al.
(författare)
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Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Alcoholysis of Cyclohexene Oxide : The Role of Open Metal Sites in the Bi(III)-based Metal-Organic Framework SU-101
- 2023
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Ingår i: ChemCatChem. - 1867-3880 .- 1867-3899. ; 15:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SU-101 was screened for the acid-catalyzed ring-opening alcoholysis of cyclohexene oxide. Results indicated access to open metal sites within SU-101, a fundamental requirement (Lewis acid Bi+3 sites) for this reaction. In addition, SU-101 exhibited high chemical stability, demonstrated by retaining its crystalline structure after the reaction. The cyclohexene conversion was estimated to be 99.8, 96.8, and 14.3 % at 40 °C for methanol, ethanol, and propanol, respectively. Also, SU-101 demonstrated an outstanding catalytic cyclability performance for five cycles without losing catalytic activity.
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