| 1. |
- Hou, Lintao, et al.
(författare)
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Lateral Phase Separation Gradients in Spin-Coated Thin Films of High-Performance Polymer: Fullerene Photovoltaic Blends
- 2011
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley. - 1616-3028 .- 1616-301X. ; 21:16, s. 3169-3175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, it is demonstrated that a finer nanostructure produced under a rapid rate of solvent removal significantly improves charge separation in a high-performance polymer: fullerene bulk-heterojunction blend. During spin-coating, variations in solvent evaporation rate give rise to lateral phase separation gradients with the degree of coarseness decreasing away from the center of rotation. As a result, across spin-coated thin films the photocurrent at the first interference maximum varies as much as 25%, which is much larger than any optical effect. This is investigated by combining information on the surface morphology of the active layer imaged by atomic force microscopy, the 3D nanostructure imaged by electron tomography, film formation during the spin coating process imaged by optical interference and photocurrent generation distribution in devices imaged by a scanning light pulse technique. The observation that the nanostructure of organic photovoltaic blends can strongly vary across spin-coated thin films will aid the design of solvent mixtures suitable for high molecular-weight polymers and of coating techniques amenable to large area processing.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Müller, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Functionalisation of recombinant spider silk with conjugated polyelectrolytes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 0959-9428 .- 1364-5501. ; 21:9, s. 2909-2915
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conjugated polyelectrolytes are demonstrated to permit facile staining of recombinant spider silk fibres. We find that the polyelectrolyte concentration and pH of the staining solution as well as the incubation temperature strongly influence the efficiency of this self-assembly process, which appears to be principally mediated through favourable electrostatic interactions. Thus, depending on the choice of staining conditions as well as the polyelectrolyte, electrically conductive or photoluminescent recombinant silk fibres could be produced. In addition, staining of natural Bombyx mori silk is established, which emphasises the versatility of the here advanced approach to functionalise silk-based materials.
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| 4. |
- Müller, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Lyotropic phase behaviour of dilute, aqueous hen lysozyme amyloid fibril dispersions
- 2011
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. - : Springer Science Business Media. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 46:11, s. 3687-3692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore the lyotropic phase behaviour of dilute, aqueous amyloid fibril dispersions from hen egg white lysozyme with respect to protein and acid concentration in order to establish preparation protocols that provide homogeneous nematic phases. Such ordered dispersions are demonstrated to facilitate alignment of amyloid nanofibrils in thin solid films, which are utilised to structure conjugated (poly)electrolytes. In addition, the occurrence of ordered phases is found to be in good qualitative agreement with phase equilibria predicted for dispersions of rod-like particles.
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| 5. |
- Müller, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Phase behaviour of liquid-crystalline polymer/fullerene organic photovoltaic blends : thermal stability and miscibility
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry. - : RSC Publishing. - 0959-9428 .- 1364-5501. ; 21, s. 10676-10684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermal behaviour of an organic photovoltaic (OPV) binary system comprised of a liquidcrystalline fluorene-based polymer and a fullerene derivative is investigated. We employ variabletemperature ellipsometry complemented by photo- and electroluminescence spectroscopy as well as optical microscopy and scanning force nanoscopy to explore phase transitions of blend thin films. The high glass transition temperature correlates with the good thermal stability of solar cells based on these materials. Furthermore, we observe partial miscibility of the donor and acceptor together with the tendency of excess fullerene derivative to segregate into exceedingly large domains. Thus, for charge generation less adequate bulk-heterojunction nanostructures are poised to develop if this mixture is exposed to more elevated temperatures. Gratifyingly, the solubility of the fullerene derivative in the polymer phase is found to decrease if a higher molecular-weight polymer fraction is employed, which offers routes towards improving the photovoltaic performance of non-crystalline OPV blends.
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| 6. |
- Müller, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Woven Electrochemical Transistors on Silk Fibers
- 2011
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Ingår i: ADVANCED MATERIALS. - : John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 23:7, s. 898-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Woven electrochemical transistors on silk fibers from the silkworm Bombyx mori are demonstrated. This is achieved with carefully chosen electrolyte chemistry: electrically conducting silk fibers are produced by dyeing silk fibers with a conjugated polyelectrolyte and gating is accomplished by use of an electrolyte mixture composed of imidazolium-based ionic liquids.
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| 7. |
- Schmidt, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Optical properties of hybrid titanium chevron sculptured thin films coated with a semiconducting polymer
- 2011
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Ingår i: THIN SOLID FILMS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA, PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND. - 0040-6090. ; 519:9, s. 2645-2649
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical and structural properties of a hybrid metallic chevron sculptured thin film from titanium coated with the semiconducting polymer poly(3-dodecylthiophene) (P3DDT) are reported. The nanostructured thin film with two subsequent layers of oppositely slanted nanocolumns was fabricated by glancing angle deposition and coated with P3DDT by a spin-cast process. Spectroscopic generalized ellipsometry is employed to determine geometrical structure properties and the anisotropic optical constants of the coated and uncoated film in the spectral range from 400 to 1700 nm. The nanostructured thin films before and after hybridization show highly anisotropic optical properties. The complex refractive indices along major polarizability directions of the hybridized chevrons are increased in the entire investigated spectral range with respect to the as-deposited chevrons. Changes in birefringence and dichroism upon polymer infiltration are observed.
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