| 1. |
- Ali, Neserin, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of nanoparticle-protein coronas formed in vitro between nanosized welding particles and nasal lavage proteins.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nanotoxicology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1743-5390 .- 1743-5404. ; 10:2, s. 226-234
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Welding fumes include agglomerated particles built up of primary nanoparticles. Particles inhaled through the nose will to some extent be deposited in the protein-rich nasal mucosa, and a protein corona will be formed around the particles. The aim was to identify the protein corona formed between nasal lavage proteins and four types of particles with different parameters. Two of the particles were formed and collected during welding and two were manufactured iron oxides. When nasal lavage proteins were added to the particles, differences were observed in the sizes of the aggregates that were formed. Measurements showed that the amount of protein bound to particles correlated with the relative size increase of the aggregates, suggesting that the surface area was associated with the binding capacity. However, differences in aggregate sizes were detected when nasal proteins were added to UFWF and Fe2O3 particles (having similar agglomerated size) suggesting that yet parameters other than size determine the binding. Relative quantitative mass spectrometric and gel-based analyses showed differences in the protein content of the coronas. High-affinity proteins were further assessed for network interactions. Additional experiments showed that the inhibitory function of secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor, a highly abundant nasal protein, was influenced by particle binding suggesting that an understanding of protein function following particle binding is necessary to properly evaluate pathophysiological events. Our results underscore the importance of including particles collected from real working environments when studying the toxic effects of particles because these effects might be mediated by the protein corona.
|
|
| 2. |
- Casanueva, Carlos, et al.
(författare)
-
Payload optimization of articulated wagons considering train length and vehicle dynamic behaviour
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Civil-Comp Proceedings. - 1759-3433. ; 110
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Capacity4Rail EU project aims are improving the competitiveness and reliability of rail freight in order to make it more attractive for modern, more sophisticated market requirements. The work described in this paper, focuses on novel vehicle designs that can account for a higher payload per meter, both from the payload optimization and the vehicle dynamic response point of view. We analyze an articulated spine wagon composed of five car bodies and six bogies, of which four of them are shared between two car bodies. In the work package, there has been an effort to look into the implications of these very long wagons in all aspects of freight operation, and this paper focuses on two of these aspects: the gain in payload by using different configurations, and the analysis of the dynamic response of the running gear. The conclusion is that, from vehicle performance point of view, it is worth exploring the possibility of increasing payload by slightly reducing the dynamic behavior of the system, as the twelve-axle vehicle is much more flexible when it comes to modern multimodal transportation.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Christensen, P S, et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental cadmium and lead exposure and anti-Müllerian hormone in pregnant women
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Reproductive Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1708 .- 0890-6238. ; 61, s. 114-119
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) has been suggested as a marker for ovarian function. Cadmium and lead have been suggested to reduce female fecundity. In this study we aimed to investigate whether environmental exposure to cadmium and lead was associated with alterations in serum-AMH.MATERIALS AND METHOD: The associations between serum-AMH and whole blood cadmium or lead were investigated by general linear models in a population-based sample of 117 pregnant women.RESULTS: The mean concentrations of blood cadmium and lead were 0.71μg/L and 17.4μg/L, respectively. The mean serum-AMH was 17.3pmol/L. No association between lead and AMH was detected. In the cadmium analysis the adjusted mean AMH level (95% CI) in the highest exposure tertile was 12.4 (6.4;23.8) compared to 5.6 (2.7;11.4) in the lowest exposure tertile (p=0.06).CONCLUSION: The study provides suggestive evidence that environmental exposure to cadmium, but not lead, may alter the level of AMH.
|
|
| 5. |
- Consales, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
-
Exposure to persistent organic pollutants and sperm DNA methylation changes in Arctic and European populations.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. - : Wiley. - 1098-2280 .- 0893-6692. ; 57:3, s. 200-209
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane], are environmental contaminants with potential endocrine disrupting activity. DNA methylation levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes have been associated with serum concentrations of POPs in Greenland Inuit and Korean populations. Greenland Inuits are characterized by the highest worldwide POP levels. In this cross-sectional study we evaluated the relationship between serum POP concentrations and DNA methylation levels in sperm of non-occupationally exposed fertile men from Greenland, Warsaw (Poland), and Kharkiv (Ukraine). Serum levels of PCB-153 [1,2,4-trichloro-5-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)benzene], as a proxy of the total PCBs body burden, and of p,p'-DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene], the main metabolite of DDT were measured. Sperm DNA methylation level was assessed globally by flow cytometric (FCM) immunodetection of 5-methyl-cytosines and at specific repetitive DNA sequences (Alu, LINE-1, Satα) by PCR-pyrosequencing after bisulfite conversion. Multivariate linear regression analysis was applied to investigate correlations between serum POP concentrations and DNA methylation. No consistent associations between exposure to POPs and sperm DNA methylation at repetitive DNA sequences were detected. A statistically significant global decrease in methylation was associated with exposure to either POP by FCM analysis. This is the first study to investigate environmental exposure to POPs and DNA methylation levels considering sperm as the target cells. Although POP exposure appears to have a limited negative impact on sperm DNA methylation levels in adult males, the global hypomethylation detected by one of the methods applied suggests that further investigation is warranted. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
|
|
| 6. |
- Delhorme, Maxime, et al.
(författare)
-
Aggregation of Calcium Silicate Hydrate Nanoplatelets.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 32:8, s. 2058-2066
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the aggregation of calcium silicate hydrate nanoplatelets on a surface by means of Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations at thermodynamic equilibrium. Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) is the main component formed in cement and is responsible for the strength of the material. The hydrate is formed in early cement paste and grows to form platelets on the nanoscale, which aggregate either on dissolving cement particles or on auxiliary particles. The general result is that the experimentally observed variations in these dynamic processes generically called growth can be rationalized from interaction free energies, that is, from pure thermodynamic arguments. We further show that the surface charge density of the particles determines the aggregate structures formed by C-S-H and thus their growth modes.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Gyllenhammar, Irina, et al.
(författare)
-
Concentrations of phthalate metabolites and phenolic substances in urine from first-time mothers in Uppsala, Sweden: temporal trends 2009-2014
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- POPUP studien startade 1996, där blod- och modersmjölksprover regelbundet samlas in från förstföderskor i Uppsala. Sedan 2009 tas också ett urinprov från kvinnorna. I denna studie har ftalater och fenolära ämnen studerats i urinprov insamlade 2009-2014. Dessa ämnen metaboliseras relativt snabbt i kroppen och för flertalet är det en metabolit till själva huvudsubstansen som har analyserats i urinen.Totalt sett analyserades 13 ftalatmetaboliter till 6 ftalater, en metabolit till en ersättningskemikalie till ftalater, en metabolit till ett fosforbaserat flamskyddsmedel, två pesticidmetaboliter samt 15 fenolära ämnen, t ex triklosan, bisfenol A, S och F, av Lunds universitet. Syftet var att studera tidstrender för de olika ämnena under perioden 2009-2014.Resultaten visade att flera av de äldre ftalaterna som håller på att fasas ut har en nedåtgående trend. Samtidigt kunde en ökande trend ses för en metabolit till ett ämne som nu används som ersättare till ftalater. Bisfenol A (BPA) som är ett mycket omdiskuterat ämne visade en nedåtgående tidstrend medan bisfenol F som pekats ut som en av ersättarna till BPA istället hade en ökande trend. Även triclosan visade en minskande trend som troligtvis beror på att ämnet har minskat i användning.Analyser av urin gör det möjligt att studera hur befolkningens exponering för snabbmetaboliserande substanser ser ut. Hur exponeringen förändras med tiden efter att olika åtgärder har satts in för att begränsa problematiska kemikalier samt hur befolkningens exponering för nya ersättningskemikalier har utvecklats.
|
|
| 9. |
- Harbst, Katja, et al.
(författare)
-
Multiregion whole-exome sequencing uncovers the genetic evolution and mutational heterogeneity of early-stage metastatic melanoma
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472. ; 76:16, s. 4765-4774
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer genome sequencing has shed light on the underlying genetic aberrations that drive tumorigenesis. However, current sequencing-based strategies, which focus on a single tumor biopsy, fail to take into account intratumoral heterogeneity. To address this challenge and elucidate the evolutionary history of melanoma, we performed whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing of 41 multiple melanoma biopsies from eight individual tumors. This approach revealed heterogeneous somatic mutations in the range of 3%-38% in individual tumors. Known mutations in melanoma drivers BRAF and NRAS were always ubiquitous events. Using RNA sequencing, we found that the majority of mutations were not expressed or were expressed at very low levels, and preferential expression of a particular mutated allele did not occur frequently. In addition, we found that the proportion of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced C>T transitions differed significantly (P <0.001) between early and late mutation acquisition, suggesting that different mutational processes operate during the evolution of metastatic melanoma. Finally, clinical history reports revealed that patients harboring a high degree of mutational heterogeneity were associated with more aggressive disease progression. In conclusion, our multiregion tumor-sequencing approach highlights the genetic evolution and non-UVB mutational signatures associated with melanoma development and progression, and may provide a more comprehensive perspective of patient outcome.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
