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- Andersson, S O, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in men aged 45-79 years : a population-based study of 40,000 Swedish men
- 2004
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Ingår i: BJU International. - Karolinska Inst, Natl Inst Environm Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Hosp Orebro, Dept Urol, Orebro, Sweden. Univ Hosp Orebro, Ctr Assessment Med Technol, Orebro, Sweden. Vasteras Hosp, Dept Urol, Vasteras, Sweden. : WILEY. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X. ; 94:3, s. 327-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE To estimate the age-specific prevalence and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among Swedish men, the intercorrelations between different symptoms, and to assess quality of life and health-seeking behaviour among men with LUTS. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In 1997, an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire, together with other questions about lifestyle, was mailed to all men aged 45-79 years living in two counties in Sweden; the analyses included 39 928 men. RESULTS Overall, 18.5% and 4.8% of the men were moderately and severely symptomatic; the prevalence of at least one symptom was 83%. LUTS were strongly age-dependent, with 1.8% of severe symptoms among men aged 45-49 years and increasing to 9.7% among those 75-79 years old. Frequent urination was the most common symptom among men aged <70 years and nocturia among those aged >70 years. Symptoms like hesitancy, poor flow and intermittency were highly correlated with each other (Spearman coefficients 0.56-0.60). There was a high correlation between the IPSS and a poor score for quality of life resulting from the bothersomeness of LUTS (r = 0.70). Among symptomatic subjects, 36% reported a poor quality of life (fairly bad, very bad or terrible). Only 29% of symptomatic subjects (IPSS >7) reported that they had been diagnosed previously for their urinary problems, and only 11% received medication for that. CONCLUSION Although the prevalence of LUTS in Sweden is high, the percentage of men whose quality of life is substantially affected is much lower.
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- Ben-Gal, A., et al.
(författare)
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Temporal robustness of linear relationships between production and transpiration
- 2003
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Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 251:2, s. 211-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seasonal dependence of biomass production on transpiration has been previously reported for a number of crops under salinity and drought. Linear yield (Y) to transpiration ( T) relationships have been utilized in plant-growth and water-uptake models to estimate yield based on predicted transpiration values. The relationship is often employed for time steps that are very small compared with the whole season measurements, even though no empirical validation exists for such application. This work tests the hypothesis that linear Y-T relationships are valid throughout the life span of crops under varied natural conditions and levels of environmental stress. Effects of salinity and water supply on growth, water use and yields of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were studied for two distinct conditions of potential transpiration. Linear relationships between relative Y and relative ET were found to be consistent throughout the life span of the crops for both growing seasons. Water-use efficiency increased together with plant growth as a result of changes in the plant's surface area to volume ratio. This empirical validation of linear Y-T relationships for short time periods is beneficial in confirming their usefulness in growth and water uptake models.
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- Hansson, L, et al.
(författare)
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Randomised trial of effects of calcium antagonists compared with diuretics and beta-blockers on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension : the Nordic Diltiazem (NORDIL) study
- 2000
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 356:9227, s. 359-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Calcium antagonists are a first-line treatment for hypertension. The effectiveness of diltiazem, a nondihydropyridine calcium antagonist, in reducing cardiovascular morbidity or mortality is unclear. We compared the effects of diltiazem with that of diuretics, beta-blockers, or both on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients. Methods In a prospective, randomised, open, blinded endpoint study, we enrolled 10 881 patients, aged 50-74 years, at health centres in Norway and Sweden, who had diastolic blood pressure of 100 mm Hg or more. We randomly assigned patients diltiazem, or diuretics, beta-blockers, or both. The combined primary endpoint was fatal and non-fatal stroke, myocardial infarction, and other cardiovascular death. Analysis was done by intention to treat. Findings Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were lowered effectively in the diltiazem and diuretic and beta-blocker groups (reduction 20.3/18.7 vs 23.3/18.7 mm Hg, difference in systolic reduction p<0.001). A primary endpoint occurred in 403 patients in the diltiazem group and in 400 in the diuretic and beta-blocker group (16.6 vs 16.2 events per 1000 patient-years, relative risk 1.00 [95% CI 0.87-1.15], p=0.97). Fatal and non-fatal stroke occurred in 159 patients in the diltiazem group and in 196 in the diuretic and beta-blocker group (6.4 vs 7.9 events per 1000 patient-years, 0.80 [0.65-0.99], p=0.04) and fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction in 183 and 157 patients (7.4 vs 6.3 events per 1000 patient-years, 1.16 [0.94-1.44], p=0.17). Interpretation Diltiazem was as effective as treatment based on diuretics, beta-blockers, or both in preventing the combined primary endpoint of all stroke, myocardial infarction, and other cardiovascular death.
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