| 1. |
- Litnovsky, A., et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic mirrors for ITER : A material choice and the impact of erosion and deposition on their performance
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3115 .- 1873-4820. ; 363, s. 1395-1402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal mirrors will be implemented in about half of the ITER diagnostics. Mirrors in ITER will have to withstand radiation loads, erosion by charge-exchange neutrals, deposition of impurities, particle implantation and neutron irradiation. It is believed that the optical properties of diagnostic mirrors will be primarily influenced by erosion and deposition. A solution is needed for optimal performance of mirrors in ITER throughout the entire lifetime of the machine. A multi-machine research on diagnostic mirrors is currently underway in fusion facilities at several institutions and laboratories worldwide. Among others, dedicated investigations of ITER-candidate mirror materials are ongoing in Tore-Supra, TEXTOR, DIII-D, TCV, T-10 and JET. Laboratory studies are underway at IPP Kharkov (Ukraine), Kurchatov Institute (Russia) and the University of Basel (Switzerland). An overview of current research on diagnostic mirrors along with an outlook on future investigations is the subject of this paper.
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| 2. |
- Strachan, J. D., et al.
(författare)
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Modelling of carbon migration during JET C-13 injection experiments
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 48:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- JET has performed two dedicated carbon migration experiments on the final run day of separate campaigns ( 2001 and 2004) using (CH4)-C-13 methane injected into repeated discharges. The EDGE2D/NIMBUS code modelled the carbon migration in both experiments. This paper describes this modelling and identifies a number of important migration pathways: ( 1) deposition and erosion near the injection location, ( 2) migration through the main chamber SOL, (3) migration through the private flux region (PFR) aided by E x B drifts and ( 4) neutral migration originating near the strike points. In H-Mode, type I ELMs are calculated to influence the migration by enhancing erosion during the ELM peak and increasing the long-range migration immediately following the ELM. The erosion/re-deposition cycle along the outer target leads to a multistep migration of C-13 towards the separatrix which is called 'walking'. This walking created carbon neutrals at the outer strike point and led to 13C deposition in the PFR. Although several migration pathways have been identified, quantitative analyses are hindered by experimental uncertainty in divertor leakage, and the lack of measurements at locations such as gaps and shadowed regions.
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