| 1. |
- Forsum, Elisabet, et al.
(author)
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Energy metabolism during human pregnancy
- 2007
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In: Annual review of nutrition (Print). - : Annual Reviews. - 0199-9885 .- 1545-4312. ; 27, s. 277-292
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This review summarizes information regarding how human energy metabolism is affected by pregnancy, and current estimates of energy requirements during pregnancy are presented. Such estimates can be calculated using either increases in basal metabolic rate (BMR) or increases in total energy expenditure (TEE). The two modes of calculation give similar results for a complete pregnancy but different distributions of energy requirements in the three trimesters. Recent information is presented regarding the effect of pregnancy on BMR, TEE, diet-induced thermogenesis, and physical activity. The validity of energy intake (EI) data recendy assessed in well-nourished pregnant women was evaluated using information regarding energy metabolism during pregnancy. The results show that underreporting of EI is common during pregnancy and indicate that additional longitudinal studies, taking the total energy budget during pregnancy into account, are needed to satisfactorily define energy requirements during the three trimesters of gestation. Copyright © 2007 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Gardeström, Johanna, et al.
(author)
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The effect of thermal stress on protein composition in dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus) under normoxic and hyperoxic conditions
- 2007
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In: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-6433 .- 1531-4332. ; 148:4, s. 869-875
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this laboratory study, dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus) were collected from the intertidal zone and exposed to 16 °C (ambient), 26.5 °C and 30 °C under normal and hyperoxic conditions respectively. It was shown that there was no thermally induced mortality at 26.5 °C, but that the mortality rate was 40–50% in 30 °C. This mortality rate was reduced to 10% if extra oxygen was provided, indicating that oxygen supply was setting the limit for whole organism thermal tolerance. Tissue samples were then analysed for protein features using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and both up and down regulation of proteins were visualised by silver staining and crosswise comparisons of gels from control vs. treated animals. The results clearly show that the protein profiles from dogwhelks exposed to increased water temperatures differ from those of the control, but that increased oxygen availability alleviates these differences thus increasing the similarity between heat-shocked and control animal protein pattern. This implies a more stable protein metabolism and might explain the increased survival of heat-shocked individuals when extra oxygen is supplied.
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| 3. |
- Löf, Marie, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Birth weight in relation to endometrial and breast cancer risks in Swedish women
- 2007
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In: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 96:1, s. 134-136
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An examination of birth weight in a Swedish cohort study of 38 566 women showed no significant association between birth weight and endometrial cancer, but supported a protective role for low birth weight for premenopausal breast cancer.
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| 4. |
- Löf, Marie, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Dietary fat and breast cancer risk in the Swedish women's lifestyle and health cohort
- 2007
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In: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 97:11, s. 1570-1576
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigated whether dietary intakes of total fat, monounsaturated fat (MUFA), polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) and saturated fat (SFA) were associated with breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort of 49 261 Swedish women (30–49 years at enrolment), which yielded 974 breast cancer cases by December 2005. Further, we evaluated if associations differed by oestrogen and/or progesterone receptor tumour status. Total fat, MUFA, PUFA or SFA were not associated with risk overall. However, women in the highest MUFA and PUFA quintile intake had a reduced breast cancer risk after age 50 years (hazard ratios: 95% confidence interval=0.45: 0.25–0.99 and 0.54: 0.35–0.85, respectively) compared to women in the lowest quintile. The associations did not differ by oestrogen or progesterone receptor status. Despite the negative findings, type of fat during premenopausal years may have later differential effects on risk.
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