| 1. |
- Leander, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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A sexual abuse case study : Children's memories and reports
- 2007
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Ingår i: Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1321-8719 .- 1934-1687. ; 14:1, s. 120-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examines how children, who had been exposed to a single act of sexual abuse carried out by an unfamiliar perpetrator (the same perpetrator in all cases), remembered and reported on the abuse in subsequent police interviews. Interviews with eight children were analysed with regard to the amount and type of information reported, and the number of times the children denied the sexual abuse. Documentation of the abuse (photographs and medical examinations) was analysed to verify that abuse had actually occurred. The majority of the children reported no, or very few, sexual details. Of all the event details reported, 7.6% referred to sexual acts and, in specific descriptions of the course of the sexual abuse, only 21% of the details were of a sexual nature. In addition, the youngest children expressed to the interviewer on almost 100 occasions that they did not wish to talk about the abuse. The present data indicate that children display difficulties when reporting on sexual abuse, even when the perpetrator is a stranger (i.e., when factors such as loyalty conflicts, dependence on the abuser, fear of negative consequences for the family may be excluded).
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| 2. |
- Leander, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Barns minne och berättande
- 2008
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Ingår i: Handbok i rättspsykologi. - : Liber, Stockholm. - 9789147052875
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter gives an overview of a number of central issuse related to childrens’ memories of traumatic events and child sexual abuse. Throughout is discussed and exemplified how theories and findings regarding devolpmental aspects and interviewing procedures may be applied in forensic contexts.
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| 3. |
- Leander, Lina, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Children exposed to obscene phone calls : What they remember and tell.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Child Abuse & Neglect. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-2134. ; 29:8, s. 871-888, s. 871-888
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This case study examined children's reports from an obscene phone call (i.e., a verbal sexual abuse). We investigated which type of information the children reported, the completeness and accuracy of the children's statements, and whether there were systematic patterns in terms of memory distortions and omissions. Method: The completeness and the accuracy of the children's statements were examined by matching 64 children's statements given during police interviews with a detailed documentation of each phone call, made by the perpetrator during the actual phone calls. Results: All children remembered the phone call per se, but they were found to omit almost all of the sexual and sensitive information (perpetrator's questions and statements) and about 70% of the neutral information given by the perpetrator. However, the children were accurate in the information they did report. Conclusions: The fact that the children did remember more of the neutral information suggests that they actually remembered the sexual information as well, but that they chose not to report it. Results indicate that children who have been sexually abused may remember more than they report in an initial interview. One possible underlying reason is that children experience shame or embarrassment.
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| 4. |
- Leander, Lina, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Children exposed to obscene phone calls: What they remember and tell.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Child Abuse & Neglect. ; , s. 871-888
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This case study examined childrens reports from an obscene phone call (i.e., a verbal sexual abuse). We investigated which type of information the children re-ported, the completeness and accuracy of the childrens statements, and whether there were systematic patterns in terms of memory distortions and omissions. The completeness and the accuracy of the childrens statements were examined by matching 64 childrens statements given during police interviews with a de-tailed documentation of each phone call, made by the perpetrator during the ac-tual phone calls. All children remembered the phone call per se, but they were found to omit almost all of the sexual and sensitive information (perpetrators questions and statements) and about 70% of the neutral information given by the perpetrator. However, the children were accurate in the information they did re-port. The fact that the children did remember more of the neutral information suggests that they actually remembered the sexual information as well, but that they chose not to report it. Results indicate that children who have been sexually abused may remember more than they report in an initial interview. One possi-ble underlying reason is that children experience shame or embarrassment.
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| 5. |
- Leander, Lina, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Children’s memories and reports: A sexual abuse case study.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. ; 14, s. 120-129
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examines how children, who had been exposed to a single act of sexual abuse carried out by an unfamiliar perpetrator (the same perpetrator in all cases), remembered and reported on the abuse in subsequent police interviews. Interviews with eight children were analysed with regard to the amount and type of information reported, and the number of times the children denied the sexual abuse. Documentation of the abuse (photographs and medical examinations) was analysed to verify that abuse had actually occurred. The majority of the children reported no, or very few, sexual details. Of all the event details reported, 7.6% referred to sexual acts, and in specific descriptions of the course of the sexual abuse, only 21% of the details were of a sexual nature. In addition, the youngest children expressed to the interviewer on almost 100 occasions that they did not wish to talk about the abuse. The present data indicate that children display difficulties when reporting on sexual abuse, even when the perpetrator is a stranger (i.e., when factors such as loyalty conflicts, dependence on the abuser, fear of negative consequences for the family may be excluded).
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Leander, Lina, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Children’s memories and reports about sexual assaults: Two case studies
- 2006
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Ingår i: Presented at the 4th Conference of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law (NNPL). Turku, Finland.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two studies (works in progress) will be presented. The first study investigates how eight children, remember and report about a single sexual abuse conducted by an unfamiliar perpetrator. Police interviews with the children were analyzed regarding type of information reported, and number of times the children expressed reluctance to report about, or denied sexual abuse. Photographs and medical examinations were analysed to verify that abuse had occurred. All children reported neutral information from the abuse. Five children reported no sexual information at all, and one child reported only few sexual details. In sum, the children denied or expressed reluctance to report about the sexual acts, at about 100 occasions. The data indicate that children display difficulties when reporting about sexual abuse when the perpetrator is a stranger (i.e., factors such as loyalty conflicts, dependence of the abuser, fear of consequences for the family may be excluded). In an additional study, we are analysing police interviews with approximately fifty female teenagers, who have been sexually abused via the Internet. The girls chatted with a man who falsely claimed to be a female, working with an escort service. The children participated in sexual explicit web shows, e-mailed nude pictures and some of them met the man (who they thought were a costumer) and were sexually abused. Police interviews with the children are analysed regarding type of information reported, omission errors and denials.
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| 8. |
- Leander, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Children's Reports of Verbal Sexual Abuse : Effects of Police Officers' Interviewing Style
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1321-8719 .- 1934-1687. ; 16:3, s. 340-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to assess how individual differences in interviewing style affected children's reports of verbal sexual abuse. Specifically, individual differences were analysed with regard to establishing rapport and type of questions, between four police officers (that in sum interviewed 61 children) and their effects on the richness and accuracy of children's reports. The children's reports were coded by counting all informative details (richness) and by matching the children's statements with transcripts made by the perpetrator (accuracy). The interviewers' utterances were coded into two categories corresponding to either establishing rapport or the question phase. A positive association was found between (a) the number of rapport-establishing utterances and the number of questions asked, as well as between (b) the number of questions asked and the richness of the children's reports. More specifically, a stronger association was found between specific questions and richness, than between open-ended questions and richness. This study points to the importance of interviewing style in elicitation of information from children reporting about sexual abuse. The interviews that included a well-established rapport also included a high frequency of questions, which in turn resulted in rich reports from the children.
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| 9. |
- Leander, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-Initiated Sexual Abuse : Adolescent Victims' Reports About On- and Off-Line Sexual Activities
- 2008
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 22:9, s. 1260-1274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to investigate how adolescent girls, who had been sexually (on- and off-line) deceived and abused by an Internet hebephile, reported about these acts. As we had access to documentation of 68 girls' conversations (i.e. chat logs) and involvement with the perpetrator, we were able to gauge what the victims reported during the police interview against this detailed documentation. In contrast with findings from previous research, the majority of victims reported about the off-line activities (real-life meetings) with the perpetrator. However, the victims omitted and/or denied more of the on-line activities, specifically the more severe sexual on-line acts (sending nude photos and participating in sexual web shows). There is probably a gap between what the victims reported and what they presumably remembered about the oil-line activities. Factors that might have affected the victims' pattern of reports are discussed.
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| 10. |
- Leander, Lina, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-initiated sexual abuse: Adolescent victims’ reports about on- and off-line sexual activities
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. ; 22:9, s. 1260-1274
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate how adolescent girls, who had been sexually (on- and off-line) deceived and abused by an Internet hebephile, reported about these acts. As we had access to documentation of 68 girls' conversations (chat logs) and involvement with the perpetrator, we were able to gauge what the victims reported during the police interview against this detailed information. In contrast with findings from previous research, the majority of the victims reported about the off-line activities with the perpetrator. However, the victims omitted and/or denied more of the on-line activities, specifcally the more sexual on-line acts (e.g. participating in sexual web shows). There is probabaly a gap between what the victims reported and what they presumably remembered about the on-line activities.
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