| 1. |
- Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 438:7069, s. 803-19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we report a high-quality draft genome sequence of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), together with a dense map of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across breeds. The dog is of particular interest because it provides important evolutionary information and because existing breeds show great phenotypic diversity for morphological, physiological and behavioural traits. We use sequence comparison with the primate and rodent lineages to shed light on the structure and evolution of genomes and genes. Notably, the majority of the most highly conserved non-coding sequences in mammalian genomes are clustered near a small subset of genes with important roles in development. Analysis of SNPs reveals long-range haplotypes across the entire dog genome, and defines the nature of genetic diversity within and across breeds. The current SNP map now makes it possible for genome-wide association studies to identify genes responsible for diseases and traits, with important consequences for human and companion animal health.
|
|
| 2. |
- Gaida, James Edmund, et al.
(författare)
-
Dyslipidemia in Achilles tendinopathy is characteristic of insulin resistance
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 41:6, s. 1194-1197
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- UNLABELLED: Overuse is considered to be a main causative factor for tendinopathies; however, recent reports indicate that tendinopathy is also common among both overweight and inactive individuals. These factors are associated with abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. We hypothesized that these features would be associated with tendinopathy.PURPOSE: To compare lipid profile between participants with Achilles tendinopathy and matched controls.METHODS: Fasting serum lipids were measured among 60 participants with chronic painful midportion Achilles tendinopathy (54% male) and 60 control subjects matched for gender, age (+/-10 yr), and body mass index (+/-2 kg x m(-2)).RESULTS: The participants with Achilles tendinopathy showed evidence of underlying dyslipidemia. They had higher triglyceride (TG) levels (P = 0.039), lower %HDL-C (P = 0.016), higher TG/HDL-C ratio (P = 0.036), and elevated apolipoprotein B concentration (P = 0.017) in comparison to the well-matched control group.CONCLUSIONS: This pattern of dyslipidemia is characteristic of the dyslipidemia displayed by individuals with insulin resistance and is common in the metabolic syndrome. Two additional aspects of tendinopathy research support a connection with the metabolic syndrome. First, tendinopathy has been associated with greater waist circumference, as has the metabolic syndrome. Second, insulin resistance has been associated with fat deposition in muscle (primarily intracellular), whereas fat deposition in tendon has been found among those with tendon pain.If tendinopathy is confirmed to be associated with dyslipidemia and the metabolic syndrome in larger studies, it may be appropriate to redefine our concept of tendinopathy to that of a cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this case, we may be able to draw considerably on CVD research to improve our understanding of tendinopathy, and perhaps treating CVD risk factors will improve the treatment of tendinopathy.
|
|
| 3. |
- Johnston, James B., et al.
(författare)
-
Targeting the EGFR pathway for cancer therapy
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Current Medicinal Chemistry. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 0929-8673 .- 1875-533X. ; 13:29, s. 3483-3492
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical studies have shown that HER-2/Neu is over-expressed in up to one-third of patients with a variety of cancers, including B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), breast cancer and lung cancer, and that these patients are frequently resistant to conventional chemo-therapies. Additionally, in most patients with multiple myeloma, the malignant cells over-express a number of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR)s and their ligands, HB-EGF and amphiregulin, thus this growth-factor family may be an important aspect in the patho-biology of this disease. These and other, related findings have provided the rationale for the targeting of the components of the EGFR signaling pathways for cancer therapy. Below we discuss various aspects of EGFR-targeted therapies mainly in hematologic malignancies, lung cancer and breast cancer. Beside novel therapeutic approaches, we also discuss specific side effects associated with the therapeutic inhibition of components of the EGFR-pathways. Alongside small inhibitors, such as Lapatinib (Tykerb, GW572016), Gefitinib (Iressa, Z131839), and Erlotinib (Tarceva, OSI-774), a significant part of the review is also dedicated to therapeutic antibodies (e.g.: Trastuzumab / Herceptin, Pertuzumab / Omnitarg / rhuMab-2C4, Cetuximab / Erbitux / IMC-C225, Panitumumab / Abenix / ABX-EGF, and also ZD6474). In addition, we summarize, both current therapy development driven by antibody-based targeting of the EGFR-dependent signaling pathways, and furthermore, we provide a background on the history and the development of therapeutic antibodies.
|
|
| 4. |
- Loch-Wilkinson, Thorbjorn J., et al.
(författare)
-
Nerve stimulation in thyroid surgery : is it really useful?
- 2007
-
Ingår i: ANZ journal of surgery. - : Wiley. - 1445-1433 .- 1445-2197. ; 77:5, s. 377-380
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) has been claimed in some studies to reduce rates of nerve injury during thyroid surgery compared with anatomical dissection and visual identification of the RLN alone, whereas other studies have found no benefit. Continuous monitoring with endotracheal electrodes is expensive whereas discontinuous monitoring by laryngeal palpation with nerve stimulation is a simple and inexpensive technique. This study aimed to assess the value of nerve stimulation with laryngeal palpation as a means of identifying and assessing the function of the RLN and external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) during thyroid surgery. METHODS: This was a prospective case series comprising 50 consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy providing 100 RLN and 100 EBSLN for examination. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative vocal cord and voice assessment by an independent ear, nose and throat surgeon, laryngeal examination at extubation and all were asked to complete a postoperative dysphagia score sheet. Dysphagia scores in the study group were compared with a control group (n = 20) undergoing total thyroidectomy without nerve stimulation. RESULTS: One hundred of 100 (100%) RLN were located without the use of the nerve stimulator. A negative twitch response occurred in seven (7%) RLN stimulated (two bilateral, three unilateral). Postoperative testing, however, only showed one true unilateral RLN palsy postoperatively (1%), which recovered in 7 weeks giving six false-positive and one true-positive results. Eighty-six of 100 (86%) EBSLN were located without the nerve stimulator. Thirteen of 100 (13%) EBSLN could not be identified and 1 of 100 (1%) was located with the use of the nerve stimulator. Fourteen per cent of EBSLN showed no cricothyroid twitch on EBSLN stimulation. Postoperative vocal function in these patients was normal. There were no instances of equipment malfunction. Dysphagia scores did not differ significantly between the study and control groups. CONCLUSION: Use of a nerve stimulator did not aid in anatomical dissection of the RLN and was useful in identifying only one EBSLN. Discontinuous nerve monitoring by stimulation during total thyroidectomy confers no obvious benefit for the experienced surgeon in nerve identification, functional testing or injury prevention.
|
|
| 5. |
- Tranvik, Lars J., et al.
(författare)
-
Lakes and reservoirs as regulators of carbon cycling and climate
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 54:6:2, s. 2298-2314
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore the role of lakes in carbon cycling and global climate, examine the mechanisms influencing carbon pools and transformations in lakes, and discuss how the metabolism of carbon in the inland waters is likely to change in response to climate. Furthermore, we project changes as global climate change in the abundance and spatial distribution of lakes in the biosphere, and we revise the estimate for the global extent of carbon transformation in inland waters. This synthesis demonstrates that the global annual emissions of carbon dioxide from inland waters to the atmosphere are similar in magnitude to the carbon dioxide uptake by the oceans and that the global burial of organic carbon in inland water sediments exceeds organic carbon sequestration on the ocean floor. The role of inland waters in global carbon cycling and climate forcing may be changed by human activities, including construction of impoundments, which accumulate large amounts of carbon in sediments and emit large amounts of methane to the atmosphere. Methane emissions are also expected from lakes on melting permafrost. The synthesis presented here indicates that (1) inland waters constitute a significant component of the global carbon cycle, (2) their contribution to this cycle has significantly changed as a result of human activities, and (3) they will continue to change in response to future climate change causing decreased as well as increased abundance of lakes as well as increases in the number of aquatic impoundments.
|
|
