| 1. |
- Jay, Raphael, et al.
(författare)
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Tracking C–H activation with orbital resolution
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 380:6648, s. 955-960
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transition metal reactivity toward carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds hinges on the interplay of electron donation and withdrawal at the metal center. Manipulating this reactivity in a controlled way is difficult because the hypothesized metal-alkane charge-transfer interactions are challenging to access experimentally. Using time-resolved x-ray spectroscopy, we track the charge-transfer interactions during C-H activation of octane by a cyclopentadienyl rhodium carbonyl complex. Changes in oxidation state as well as valence-orbital energies and character emerge in the data on a femtosecond to nanosecond timescale. The x-ray spectroscopic signatures reflect how alkane-to-metal donation determines metal-alkane complex stability and how metal-to-alkane back-donation facilitates C-H bond cleavage by oxidative addition. The ability to dissect charge-transfer interactions on an orbital level provides opportunities for manipulating C-H reactivity at transition metals.
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| 2. |
- Michael Ayas, Hamdy, 1994, et al.
(författare)
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An empirical study of the systemic and technical migration towards microservices
- 2023
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Ingår i: Empirical Software Engineering. - 1382-3256 .- 1573-7616. ; 28:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ContextAs many organizations modernize their software architecture and transition to the cloud, migrations towards microservices become more popular. Even though such migrations help to achieve organizational agility and effectiveness in software development, they are also highly complex, long-running, and multi-faceted.ObjectiveIn this study we aim to comprehensively map the journey towards microservices and describe in detail what such a migration entails. In particular, we aim to discuss not only the technical migration, but also the long-term journey of change, on a systemic level.MethodOur research method is an inductive, qualitative study on two data sources. Two main methodological steps take place - interviews and analysis of discussions from StackOverflow. The analysis of both, the 19 interviews and 215 StackOverflow discussions, is based on techniques found in grounded theory.ResultsOur results depict the migration journey, as it materializes within the migrating organization, from structural changes to specific technical changes that take place in the work of engineers. We provide an overview of how microservices migrations take place as well as a deconstruction of high level modes of change to specific solution outcomes. Our theory contains 2 modes of change taking place in migration iterations, 14 activities and 53 solution outcomes of engineers. One of our findings is on the architectural change that is iterative and needs both a long and short term perspective, including both business and technical understanding. In addition, we found that a big proportion of the technical migration has to do with setting up supporting artifacts and changing the paradigm that software is developed.
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| 3. |
- Michael Ayas, Hamdy, 1994, et al.
(författare)
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The Perceived Impact and Sequence of Activities When Transitioning to Microservices
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 17th IEEE International Conference on Service-Oriented System Engineering, SOSE 2023. ; , s. 156-160
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microservices migrations are often present in organizations that want to modernize and integrate their software systems. There is little empirical evidence showing how migration projects take place. Investigating migration activities and the perceived impact of migrations from practitioners is important to understand how migration projects materialize. In this study, we ask 54 practitioners about their views on specific aspects of microservices migrations. Specifically, we derive the sequence of migration activities as well as the perceived impact of microservices on the development process. Database refactoring, back-end refactoring, and setting up DevOps tend to take place before front-end refactoring, setting up communication patterns, and splitting teams. In addition, aligning teams with profitable value propositions, improving the testing process, and having fewer dependencies between teams are among the prominent impact areas of microservices. Our results call for further empirical research in understanding transitions toward MSAs.
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