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- Zhu, X., et al.
(författare)
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A review of distributed energy system optimization for building decarbonization
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 2352-7102. ; 73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Building energy consumption has increased rapidly in the past decade, in particular for heat demand and electric vehicles, owning to the development of economy and improvement of living standard. Distributed Energy Systems (DESs), which can effectively improve the share of renewable energy in the energy mix, lower the energy cost and reduce environmental impact, is a promising approach to meet the increased energy demand. This paper presents a review of the system architecture of DESs for building decarbonization, including hybrid energy systems, energy storage technologies, building flexible loads, and electric vehicles. The uncertainties from both the environment and human interventions challenge the energy management due to the asynchrony between energy generation and energy consumption. Thus, the system should be optimally designed and operated to enhance the reliability, affordability, and flexibility of the DES. The paper highlights the adoption of optimization approaches. Finally, future trends and challenges are discussed. It is concluded that the digital transformation featured with IoT, AI, advanced machine learning, sophisticated optimization approaches, and Blockchain is the enabler for future smart cities. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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| 2. |
- Zhu, X., et al.
(författare)
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Multi-objective optimization of a hybrid energy system integrated with solar-wind-PEMFC and energy storage
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Energy Storage. - : Elsevier. - 2352-152X .- 2352-1538. ; 72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The move towards achieving carbon neutrality has sparked interest in combining multiple energy sources to promote renewable penetration. This paper presents a proposition for a hybrid energy system that integrates solar, wind, electrolyzer, hydrogen storage, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and thermal storage to meet the electrical and heating demands of a student dormitory in Shanghai. The proposed system is optimized to simultaneously account for multiple objectives, including economy, environmental benefits, and grid interaction, measured by Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC) for the life cycle of 20 years, Primary Energy Saving Ratio (PESR) of the heating system and Grid Interaction Level (GIL) of the electrical system. The effectiveness of the optimization results from NSGA-II is verified and compared with MOPSO to determine the optimal installation configuration and operation strategies. The results highlight the significance of energy storage in enabling greater renewable integration and the potential of hydrogen to play a vital role in the transition to a low-carbon economy. The optimal design of the proposed hybrid system can meet the power and heat demand of a student dormitory with a floor area of 2679m2. The Pareto-optimal solutions of PESR and GIL for NSGA-II fall within the range of (89 %, 104 %) and (70 %, 88 %), respectively. A significant number of Pareto-optimal solutions cluster around an EAC of approximately 160 k RMB. The optimization by MOPSO exhibited the similar results. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis provides insights into the sensitivity of objectives to changes in optimal design parameters, facilitating the design and optimization of similar hybrid energy systems integrated with a closed loop for hydrogen production and utilization in the future. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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