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- Helldén, Daniel, 1965-
(author)
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Demokratin utmanas : Almstriden och det politiska etablissemanget
- 2005
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of the thesis is to describe how the political establishment understood the Elm Conflict (Almstriden) in Stockholm in 1971, and the way in which the establishment expressed that understanding when it made sense of the challenge to itself and to how local politics worked. The political establishment is defined as politicians in central positions in Stockholm and at the national level and the editorial pages of the Stockholm newspapers. Three themes are used to describe the construction of the establishment: a) what the cause was for the elm issue having developed the way it did; b) why that which happened was wrong; and c) why it could happen at all in Sweden. The analysed empirical material consists solely of texts and statements produced at the time of the Elm Conflict. The thesis shows that the establishment, examined at close quarters, explained the Elm Conflict as caused by either media behaviour or political inability. The political establishment was in relative agreement on the matter of local democracy: municipal democracy was first and foremost a matter for the parties and politicians. No priority needed to be given to municipal reforms. What was needed was better information about why politicians had taken specific decisions. The Liberal Party leader and newspapers differed in this respect, however, exercising more caution in pointing at more far-reaching proposals for reform. When it came to political methods, Hjalmar Mehr proved to be the person who condemned the events most strongly, and this would seem to stem from his view of democracy. The Social Democratic Party at the national level was of the view that the conflict should be condemned, but had difficulties with the criticism levelled at local democracy. The newspapers and Liberal Party leader went the farthest in their positive statements concerning the method but had difficulties putting this in words. When it came to the causes of the Elm Conflict in a larger context, explanations were sought in a world gone mad, outside forces that wanted to overturn democracy, and politicians who failed to understand people’s concerns in the face of social change. The thesis also touches on why the politicians in Stockholm found themselves involved in the conflict and on the relationship of the Social Democrats to parts of the radicalisation trend of the late 1960s.
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- Jansson, Sven-Arne, et al.
(author)
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Cost differences for COPD with and without physician-diagnosis.
- 2005
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In: COPD. - 1541-2555. ; 2:4, s. 427-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous studies have presented divergent estimates of the cost of illness of COPD due to differences in methodology. The objective of this study was to examine differences between register-based estimates versus population-based estimates on the burden of COPD. This study therefore examined differences in costs of COPD among physician-diagnosed and un-diagnosed subjects. During a one-year period, four telephone interviews were made with 212 randomly selected subjects with COPD derived from the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) studies. Health care resource utilization and productivity losses were measured, and the costs were also transformed with the estimated COPD prevalence in Sweden. Average annual costs were SEK 18,252 (USD 2,207, EUR 2,072), and SEK 9,327 (USD 1,128, EUR 1,059) for subjects with and without a physician-diagnosis, respectively. Although lower per individual, the costs of undiagnosed subjects accounted for approximately 40% of the total costs in Sweden, since the majority of subjects with COPD in Sweden lack a physician-diagnosed disease. In conclusion, we found that the costs due to COPD differed considerably between those with and without physician-diagnosed disease. This study indicates that register-based studies result in underestimated costs of COPD.
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- Laskar, Pia, 1956-
(author)
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Ett bidrag till heterosexualitetens historia : Kön, sexualitet och njutningsnormer i sexhandböcker 1800 - 1920
- 2005
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis examines and analyses Swedish sex manuals written for the most part by doctors between 1800 and 1920. The study focuses on constructions of gender, sexuality and norms for pleasure, and investigates how these processes change over time. A fundamental question raised in the study concerns the descriptions of sexual union between the binary opposed genders and how these descriptions are subsequently connected to medical and scientific ideas during the relevant period. By specifying and drawing attention to these issues, the study makes a contribution to the history of heterosexuality. Special attention is given to sex manuals written by women and published at the turn of the century in 1900.The construction of norms in the sex manuals becomes evident, partly through descriptions of desirable, moderate, sexual behaviour with reference to health, reason, cultural progress and the maximisation of sexual pleasure, and partly through the presentation of deterrents and counter images referring to abnormal, primitive and degenerate genders and sexualities. The construction of a European, middle class gender and sexuality ideal is made apparent in that the norms are also linked to the working class, domestic minorities and other “races”. I call the positive normatisation of heterosexual intercourse an “ideology of pleasure”.According to descriptions in the sex manuals, the boundaries between the opposed genders are often fluid. Therefore the heterosexual union of opposed genders with binary defined sexualities becomes an unstable construction requiring constant stabilisation. During the second half of the 19th Century, when the criterion of reproduction diminished as the defining feature for reciprocal and loving sexual pleasure, the norm for heterosexual pleasure became stabilised by virtue of new arguments. These included the use of strong deterrents against same-gendered sexual activities or masturbation.By juxtaposing the connections between deterrents and taboos against deviant genders and sexualities with descriptions of the division and heterosexual union of the two genders, this investigation makes an empirical contribution to the feminist analysis of the intersection between gender, class and ethnicity in the construction of a heterosexual norm.
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- Lindberg, Anne, et al.
(author)
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10-year cumulative incidence of COPD and risk factors for incident disease in a symptomatic cohort
- 2005
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In: Chest. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-3692 .- 1931-3543. ; 127:5, s. 1544-1552
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine the 10-year cumulative incidence of COPD in a cohort of subjects with respiratory symptoms (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] stage 0) using the British Thoracic Society (BTS) and GOLD spirometric criteria. Furthermore, we sought to evaluate risk and gender factors for incident COPD. DESIGN AND SETTING: A postal questionnaire was administered in 1986 to all 6,610 subjects in eight areas of northern Sweden who had been born in 1919 to 1920 (group 1), 1934 to 1935 (group 2), and 1949 to 1950 (group 3). The response rate was 86%. All of the subjects reporting respiratory symptoms were invited to participate in a structured interview and pulmonary function test (PFT), and 1,506 (91%) participated. In 1996, 90% could be traced for follow-up, of whom 1,165 (86%) of the invited subjects participated and 1,109 subjects (534 women) were able to perform technically adequate PFTs in both 1986 and 1996. RESULTS: The 10-year cumulative incidence of COPD was estimated at 8.2% (using BTS criteria) and 13.5% (using GOLD criteria). Significant risk factors for incident COPD (using BTS and GOLD criteria) in a multivariate analysis were higher age (group 1 odds ratio [OR]: BTS criteria, 3.49; GOLD criteria, 3.37; group 2 OR: BTS criteria, 4.50; GOLD criteria, 5.70) and smoking (OR: BTS criteria, 5.37; GOLD criteria, 4.56), but not gender or heredity. Respiratory symptoms were significantly associated with incident COPD when added to the same model. In analogous analyses that were conducted separately for men and women, smoking yielded an OR of 8.52 among women (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.43 to 21.2) compared with 3.14 among men (95% CI, 1.26 to 7.84). The symptoms cough, sputum production, and chronic productive cough reached statistical significance in women, while dyspnea and wheeze did so in men. CONCLUSION: In this cohort, the 10-year cumulative incidence of COPD was 8.2% (using BTS criteria) and 13.5% (using GOLD criteria). Increasing age, smoking, and bronchitic symptoms, but not gender, were risk factors for incident COPD. GOLD stage 0 therefore appears to identify subjects who are at risk of COPD, but men and women presented different risk profiles.
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- Lindberg, Anne, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to BTS, ERS, GOLD and ATS criteria in relation to doctor's diagnosis, symptoms, age, gender, and smoking habits.
- 2005
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In: Respiration. - : S. Karger AG. - 0025-7931 .- 1423-0356. ; 72:5, s. 471-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> Guidelines and standards for diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been presented by different national and international societies, but the spirometric criteria for COPD differ between guidelines. <i>Objectives:</i> To estimate prevalence of COPD using the guidelines of the British Thoracic Society (BTS), the European Respiratory Society (ERS), the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), and the American Thoracic Society (ATS). Further, to evaluate reported airway symptoms, contacts with health care providers, and physician diagnosis of COPD in relation to the respective criteria, and gender differences. <i>Method:</i> In 1992 a postal questionnaire was sent to a random sample of adults aged 20–69 years, 4,851 (85%) out of 5,681 subjects responded. In 1994–1995 a random sample of the responders, 970 subjects, were invited to a structured interview and a lung function test; 666 (69%) participated. <i>Results:</i> The prevalence of COPD was 7.6, 14.0, 14.1, 12.2 and 34.1% according to BTS, ERS, GOLD, clinical ATS (with symptoms or physician diagnosis), and spirometric ATS criteria, respectively. Prevalent COPD was related to age, smoking habits and family history of obstructive airway disease but not to gender. Physician diagnosis of chronic bronchitis or emphysema was only reported by 16.3, 12.2, 11.0, 23.4 and 8.2% of subjects fulfilling the respective criteria, though a majority reported airway symptoms. <i>Conclusion:</i> The main determinants for prevalent COPD were age, smoking habits and spirometric criteria of COPD. Though a majority reported airway symptoms and contact with health care providers due to respiratory complaints, only a minority was diagnosed as having COPD, indicating a large underdiagnosis.
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- Lindberg, Vanja, et al.
(author)
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Metallic quantum dots
- 2005
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In: J. Phys: Condens. Matter. ; 17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 10. |
- Savin, Kristiina, et al.
(author)
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Begrepp och mentaliteter: äventyr
- 2005
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In: Trygghet och äventyr. Om begreppshistoria. - 9174023497 ; , s. 158-177
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper scrutinizes the Swedish concept of "äventyr" (adventure), originally the key concept of mediaeval chivalric romance, that has become one of the most popular concepts used in contemporary mass media. Influenced by the European development, "äventyr" has been applied in various contexts. A diachronic survey of Swedish sources from 1300 to 2004 enables us to reconstruct changing conceptual fields that can be interpreted as indicators of social and mental change. An analysis of the concept in its social contexts reveals a remarkable shift in our expectations and sense of reality. It also underscores the historicity of the conceptual construction of everyday experience.
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