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- Erlandsson, A C, et al.
(author)
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Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection and glucocorticoid treatment regulate viral yield, glucocorticoid receptor and NF-kappaB levels.
- 2002
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In: The Journal of endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0022-0795 .- 1479-6805. ; 175:1, s. 165-76
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The interplay between the endocrine and immune systems has come into focus in recent years with the insight that endocrine parameters may affect susceptibility to both auto-immune and infectious diseases. Our interest in immunoendocrine regulation led us to investigate the effects of glucocorticoids on Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections. Glucocorticoids used to treat inflammatory conditions are not yet recommended for HSV-1 therapy, since they have been reported to prolong viral shedding both in vivo and in vitro. Here we report that glucocorticoids did not alter the viral yield in human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell culture when glucocorticoid treatment and viral infection occured simultaneously, but the viral yield increased when cells were treated with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (dex) prior to viral infection. We found that viral infection in our primary cell system increased NF-kappaB levels and DNA binding. In addition, the amount of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) increased following viral infection, and HSV-1 infection as such could induce glucocorticoid-driven transcription of a reporter gene in human embryo kidney (HEK) 293 cells stably transfected with GR. Dex treatment did not affect HSV-1-induced binding of p65 to an NF-kappaB element in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and acyclovir was still efficient as an anti-viral drug in the presence of dex. Further studies of the observed effects of HSV-1 infection and glucocorticoid treatment on GR and NF-kappaB regulation could give insights into the immunoendocrine mechanisms important for defence and therapy against viral infections.
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- Loden, M, et al.
(author)
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A double-blind study comparing the effect of glycerin and urea on dry, eczematous skin in atopic patients
- 2002
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In: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 82:1, s. 45-47
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Moisturizing creams have beneficial effects in the treatment of dry, scaly skin, but they may induce adverse skin reactions. In a randomized double-blind study, 197 patients with atopic dermatitis were treated with one of the following: a new moisturizing cream with 20% glycerin, its cream base without glycerin as placebo, or a cream with 4% urea and 4% sodium chloride. The patients were asked to apply the cream at least once daily for 30 days. Adverse skin reactions and changes in skin dryness were assessed by the patient and a dermatologist. Adverse skin reactions such as smarting (a sharp local superficial sensation) were felt significantly less among patients using the 20% glycerin cream compared with the urea-saline cream, because 10% of the patients judged the smarting as severe or moderate when using glycerin cream, whereas 24% did so using urea-saline cream (p
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- Nesje, M, et al.
(author)
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Genetic variability in peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) analysed by microsatellites.
- 2002
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In: Raptors in the new Millenium, eds. Yosef,R., Miller, M.L. & Pepler D. International Birding & Research Center in Eilat, Israel.. ; , s. 206-210
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Genetic variability and population structure in the endangered Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) were studied using DNA microsatellite markers. Special emphasis was placed on the subspecies F.p.peregrinus living in Scandinavia and Scotland. The species was almost extirpated as a breeding bird in southeastern Norway and southwestern Sweden in the 1970´s before a recovery programme was initiated. We compared the level of genetic variability of peregrines from the southern area to those found in the northern part of Scandinavia where the decline was less severe. For comparative purposes, three North American peregrine subspecis (F.p.tundrius, F.p.pealei, F.p. anatum) and one Tasmania subspecies (F.p. macropus) were included in this analyses. Twelve DNA microsatellite loci (developed from the peregrine falcon) were analysed across a total of 146 individuals. The amount of genetic variation did not differ in the peregrine populations, except for Tasmania with a significant lower genetic variability. Significant genetic differentiation was found between populations in northern and southern Scandinavia and between the Scandinavian and Scottish populations, while the populations in south-western Norway and south-eastern Sweden did not differ significantly. Analysis of cliff nesting peregrines in northern Sweden and bog nesting peregrines in northern Finland/Sweden suggests that the difference in nesting habitat is not associated with genetic differentiation. Population structuring in F.p.peregrinus is further supported by an assignment test, wherein simulated genotypes are correctly assigned to the northern and southern Scandinavian and Scottish populations with relatively high probabilities, and by analysis of allele-sharing among individuals. Cluster analyses of genetic distances grouped populations of peregrines in accordance with their subspecific designation. F.p.macropus clusters distinctly from the other four subspecies, and peregrines on either side of the Atlantic Ocean were clearly separated. Except for the Tasmanian population, the markers show a high resolving power for parentage and identity analysis, confirming their usefulness as a tool for various research and management purposes over a range of populations and subspecies.
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