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- Gunnbjornsdottir, M. I., et al.
(författare)
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Obesity and nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux are related to onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms
- 2004
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Ingår i: Eur Respir J. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have identified obesity as a risk factor for asthma in both children and adults. An increased prevalence of asthma in subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome has also been reported. The aim of this investigation was to study obesity, nocturnal GOR and snoring as independent risk factors for onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms in a Nordic population. In a 5-10 yr follow-up study of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey in Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Estonia, a postal questionnaire was sent to previous respondents. A total of 16,191 participants responded to the questionnaire. Reported onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms as well as nocturnal GOR and habitual snoring increased in prevalence along with the increase in body mass index (BMI). After adjusting for nocturnal GOR, habitual snoring and other confounders, obesity (BMI >30) remained significantly related to the onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms. Nocturnal GOR was independently related to the onset of asthma and in addition, both nocturnal GOR and habitual snoring were independently related to onset of wheeze and night-time symptoms. This study adds evidence to an independent relationship between obesity, nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux and habitual snoring and the onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms in adults.
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| 5. |
- Lindberg, J., et al.
(författare)
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Degree of polarization in light transmission through a near-field probe
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Optics. A, Pure and applied optics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1464-4258 .- 1741-3567. ; 6:3, s. S59-S63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyse the changes in the partial polarization of random, stationary light fields in transmission through a near-field probe. The probe is modelled as a two-dimensional metal-coated optical fibre tip through which the field is propagated by applying the boundary-integral method. Both the magnitude of the opening angle and the aperture size of the probe are found to significantly influence the partial polarization of the field. We discuss the results in terms of both the conventional two-dimensional and the recent three-dimensional formalism for the degree of polarization.
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- Lindberg, J., et al.
(författare)
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Spectral analysis of resonant transmission of light through a single sub-wavelength slit
- 2004
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 12:4, s. 623-632
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze the spectral properties of resonant transmission of light through a sub-wavelength slit in a metal film. We show that the enhanced transmission can be understood in terms of interfering surface-wave-like modes propagating in the slit. We characterize the effect of geometrical and material properties of the slit on the transmission spectrum. Furthermore, we show that the wavelength of the transmission resonance strongly depends on the surrounding medium. This effect may be utilized in sensors, imaging, and the detection of, e.g. biomolecules.
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- Ylipaasto, P, et al.
(författare)
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Enterovirus infection in human pancreatic islet cells, islet tropism in vivo and receptor involvement in cultured islet beta cells.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - Berlin : Springer verlag. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 47:2, s. 225-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: It is thought that enterovirus infections cause beta-cell damage and contribute to the development of Type 1 diabetes by replicating in the pancreatic islets. We sought evidence for this through autopsy studies and by investigating known enterovirus receptors in cultured human islets. METHODS: Autopsy pancreases from 12 newborn infants who died of fulminant coxsackievirus infections and from 65 Type 1 diabetic patients were studied for presence of enteroviral ribonucleic acid by in situ hybridisation. Forty non-diabetic control pancreases were included in the study. The expression and role of receptor candidates in cultured human islets were investigated with receptor-specific antibodies using immunocytochemistry and functional assays. RESULTS: Enterovirus-positive islet cells were found in some of both autopsy specimen collections, but not in control pancreases. No infected cells were seen in exocrine tissue. The cell surface molecules, poliovirus receptor and integrin alphavbeta3, which act as enterovirus receptors in established cell lines, were expressed in beta cells. Antibodies to poliovirus receptor, human coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor and integrin alphavbeta3 protected islets and beta cells from adverse effects of poliovirus, coxsackie B viruses, and several of the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid motifs containing enteroviruses and human parechovirus 1 respectively. No evidence was found for expression of the decay-accelerating factor which acts as a receptor for several islet-cell-replicating echoviruses in established cell lines. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The results show a definite islet-cell tropism of enteroviruses in the human pancreas. Some enteroviruses seem to use previously identified cell surface molecules as receptors in beta cells, whereas the identity of receptors used by other enteroviruses remains unknown.
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