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- Janson, C., et al.
(author)
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Insomnia is more common among subjects living in damp buildings
- 2005
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In: Occup Environ Med. ; 62:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Insomnia is a condition with a high prevalence and a great impact on quality of life. Little is known about the relation between and sleep disturbances and the home environment. AIM: To analyse the association between insomnia and building dampness. METHODS: In a cross-sectional, multicentre, population study, 16 190 subjects (mean age 40 years, 53% women) were studied from Reykjavik in Iceland, Bergen in Norway, Umea, Uppsala, and Goteborg in Sweden, Aarhus in Denmark, and Tartu in Estonia. Symptoms related to insomnia were assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS: Subjects living in houses with reported signs of building dampness (n = 2873) had a higher prevalence of insomnia (29.4 v 23.6%; crude odds ratio 1.35, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.48). The association between insomnia and different indicators of building dampness was strongest for floor dampness: "bubbles or discoloration on plastic floor covering or discoloration of parquet floor" (crude odds ratio 1.96, 95% CI 1.66 to 2.32). The associations remained significant after adjusting for possible confounders such as sex, age, smoking history, housing, body mass index, and respiratory diseases. There was no significant difference between the centres in the association between insomnia and building dampness. CONCLUSION: Insomnia is more common in subjects living in damp buildings. This indicates that avoiding dampness in building constructions and improving ventilation in homes may possibly have a positive effect on the quality of sleep.
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- Setala, T., et al.
(author)
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Coherent-mode representation of a statistically homogeneous and isotropic electromagnetic field in spherical volume
- 2005
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In: Physical Review E. Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics. - 1063-651X .- 1095-3787. ; 71:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is known that statistically stationary, homogeneous, and isotropic source distributions generate, in an unbounded low-loss medium, an electromagnetic field whose electric cross-spectral density tensor is proportional to the imaginary part of the infinite-space Green tensor. Using the recently established electromagnetic theory of coherent modes, we construct, in a finite spherical volume, the coherent-mode representation of the random electromagnetic field having this property. The analysis covers the fundamental case of blackbody radiation but is valid more generally; since a thermal equilibrium condition is not invoked, the electromagnetic field may have any spectral distribution. Within the scalar theory of coherent modes, which has been available for more than two decades, the analogous formulation results in the first explicit three-dimensional coherent-mode representation.
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- Darendeliler, F., et al.
(author)
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Bone Age Progression during the First Year of Growth Hormone Therapy in Pre-Pubertal Children with Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency, Turner Syndrome or Idiopathic Short Stature, and in Short Children Born Small for Gestational Age: Analysis of Data from KIGS (Pfizer International Growth Database)
- 2005
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In: Horm Res. ; 63:1, s. 40-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/Aims: The beneficial effects of growth hormone (GH) therapy on statural growth in children are well established, but the effects on skeletal maturation are less clear. The progression of bone age (BA) was therefore studied during the first year of GH treatment in pre-pubertal children with idiopathic GH deficiency (GHD), Turner syndrome (TS) or idiopathic short stature (ISS), and in short pre-pubertal children born small for gestational age (SGA). Methods: Cross-sectional data on 2,209 short children with idiopathic GHD, 694 with TS, 569 with ISS and 153 with SGA were analysed. Longitudinal data were also analysed from 308 children with idiopathic GHD, 99 with TS, 57 with ISS and 29 with SGA. All patients included in the study were enrolled in KIGS (Pfizer International Growth Database) and were being treated with recombinant human GH (Genotropin((R))). BA was assessed using the Greulich and Pyle method at baseline and after 1 year of GH therapy. Results: In all groups of patients the mean progression of BA was 1 year during the year of GH therapy, although there was considerable individual variation. Progression of BA was not correlated with chronological age, BA, height SD score (SDS) or body mass index SDS at the onset of GH therapy. There was also no consistent effect of the GH dose on BA progression. Conclusion: Progression of BA appears to be normal in patients receiving GH in these diagnostic groups, at least over the first year of treatment in pre-puberty. Copyright (c) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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- Gruvberger, Birgitta, et al.
(author)
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Patch testing with methyldibromo glutaronitrile, a multicentre study within the EECDRG
- 2005
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In: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 52:1, s. 14-18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Contact allergy to and allergic contact dermatitis from methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN) have frequently been reported. As there has been no agreement on which MDBGN test preparation to use, a study was initiated to help determine the optimal patch test preparation for MDBGN. 2661 consecutively patch tested patients at 11 test clinics representing 9 European countries participated. Petrolatum preparations with MDBGN at 1.0%, 0.5%, 0.3% and 0.1% were inserted in the standard series. Contact allergy rates were noted in the range 4.4-1.1% following decreasing test concentrations. Reactions not fulfilling all criteria to be classified as allergic reactions could represent either weak allergic or irritant reactions, and such reactions were noted in the range 8.2-0.5% with decreasing concentrations. A significant number of these reactions represented weak allergic reactions, as allergic reactions were obtained to higher patch test concentrations in the same individual. Morphologically irritant reactions were noted only for the highest test concentrations. In summary, the contact allergy rates and frequencies of doubtful and irritant reactions vary with the patch test concentration. The final decision on patch test concentration for MDBGN should not only rely on these factors but also include information on patch test concentrations required to diagnose individual cases with allergic contact dermatitis from MDBGN as well as results of repeated open application tests.
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