| 1. |
- Brettmo, Alena, et al.
(författare)
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The role of intermediary organizations in influencing urban deliveries to receivers/establishments
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Most urban freight research has focused on the need to change the behaviour of transport operators (carriers) either through incentives or more commonly through regulation. In the past few years researchers have started to address the scope to involve receivers (mainly retailers) in the reduction of urban freight trips. Typical initiatives include joint procurement or the possible use of consolidation centres. However, this focus on carriers and receivers potentially ignores the role of intermediary organisations that can strongly influence the patterns of urban freight movements and the way in which deliveries are made in urban centres. These intermediary organizations cover a wide variety of types including: Business Improvement Districts (BIDs), public sector purchasing coordinators that establish framework contracts and in the private sector - facilities managers. The paper explores the activities of 10 intermediary organisations in Sweden, UK and USA. An exploratory case study approach has been adopted and the activities of the organisations are summarised in order to enable acomparative assessment to be made. Findings support the contention that intermediary organisations have a powerful role to play in influencing urban freight demand and that their ability to bring together individual receivers is a significant opportunity for achieving more rapid and profound changes in urban freight flows and vehicle movements. The scope for changing procurement in both the public and private sector is also highlighted as one outcome of the research.
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| 2. |
- Buratti, Sandra, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Stability in the metamemory realism of eyewitness confidence judgments
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cognitive Processing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4782 .- 1612-4790. ; 15:1, s. 39-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stability of eyewitness confidence judgments over time in regard to their reported memory and accuracy of these judgments is of interest in forensic contexts because witnesses are often interviewed many times. The present study investigated the stability of the confidence judgments of memory reports of a witnessed event and of the accuracy of these judgments over three occasions, each separated by 1 week. Three age groups were studied: younger children (8-9 years), older children (10-11 years), and adults (19-31 years). A total of 93 participants viewed a short film clip and were asked to answer directed two-alternative forced-choice questions about the film clip and to confidence judge each answer. Different questions about details in the film clip were used on each of the three test occasions. Confidence as such did not exhibit stability over time on an individual basis. However, the difference between confidence and proportion correct did exhibit stability across time, in terms of both over/underconfidence and calibration. With respect to age, the adults and older children exhibited more stability than the younger children for calibration. Furthermore, some support for instability was found with respect to the difference between the average confidence level for correct and incorrect answers (slope). Unexpectedly, however, the younger children's slope was found to be more stable than the adults. Compared to the previous research, the present study's use of more advanced statistical methods provides a more nuanced understanding of the stability of confidence judgments in the eyewitness reports of children and adults.
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| 3. |
- Lazzarotto, Alberto, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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A methodology for the calculation of response functions for geothermal fields with arbitrarily oriented boreholes : Part 2
- 2016
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Ingår i: Renewable energy. - : Elsevier. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 86:01, s. 1353-1361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the modeling of shallow geothermal systems, the accurate representation of the borehole field configuration is important for a proper estimation of the long term thermal behavior of borehole field systems. Modeling tools based on the so-called g-functions method, utilized for the design of borehole fields, assume that boreholes are vertical. This is a limitation since this condition might not apply in a real installation. This paper is focused on the calculation of g-functions of borehole fields featuring non-vertical boreholes. The strategy utilized consists in representing the boreholes as stacked finite line sources. The temperature along these finite lines, can be calculated by superposition of the effects of each linear heat source in the field. This modeling technique allows to approximate uneven heat distribution among the boreholes and along the axis of each individual borehole. This is a required feature for the calculation of g-functions according to Eskilson's boundary conditions. The test cases presented show that the method yields results that are compatible with the expected physical behavior of the system, and similar to previous results by Eskilson. The computational performance achieved indicates that the method proposed could be potentially utilized during the design phase of these systems.
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| 4. |
- Najmzadeh, Mohammad, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Silicon straight tube fluid density sensor
- 2007
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Ingår i: proceedings of the 6th IEEE conference on sensors, Oct. 28-31, 2007, Atlanta. ; 1, s. 1185-1188
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Topor, Alain, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Going beyond : Users’ experiences of helping professionals
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychosis. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1752-2439 .- 1752-2447. ; 7:3, s. 228-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Establishing a working alliance has been found to be of great importance for the outcome of professional interventions for people diagnosed with severe mental illnesses. Aim: The aim of the present study was to analyse the concrete actions of helpful professionals in establishing a working alliance. Method: Interviews with 58 persons diagnosed with severe mental illness who were in a recovery process or had recovered were analysed using Grounded Theory. Results: The core category that emerged from the analysis was termed ‘going beyond’. It was constituted on three subcategories: challenging the rationality of the institutions, restoring the professional as a person and restoring the user as a person. Conclusion: Users’ experience-based knowledge about helpful professionals calls into question the traditional view of professional roles.
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| 6. |
- Brettmo, Alena, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of ‘Influencers’ as Drivers of a More Sustainable Urban Freight Sector
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The importance of stakeholders in the development of a sustainable urban freight sector has been highlighted in recent research. Not all stakeholders have a direct link to the supply chain, but they may still play a role in creating sustainable urban freight initiatives. This study explores the initiatives that norm-setting indirect stakeholders in urban freight, referred to as ‘influencers’, establish to support a more sustainable urban freight sector, and how those initiatives may impact the business models of carriers. The study uses data gathered for ongoing research into the roles of indirect stakeholders in the development of sustainable urban freight initiatives. The results indicate that influencers can put pressure on receivers regarding logistical issues and shape the physical environment in which deliveries are conducted. Influencers use three primary strategies to support sustainable urban freight: vehicle-focused measures, consolidation linked to physical infrastructure, and consolidation through behavioural changes. These initiatives impact the relationship between receivers and carriers and may push carriers to adopt more sustainable practices as well as take decisions that impact their business models. The results highlight the often-overlooked power of influencers in relation to the development of actor behaviour in the urban freight supply chain and show the potential for both conflict and change arising from the use of this power.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Erezyilmaz, Deniz F., et al.
(författare)
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Expression of the Pupal Determinant broad during Metamorphic and Neotenic Development of the Strepsipteran Xenos vesparum Rossi
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:4, s. e93614-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Derived members of the endoparasitic order Strepsiptera have acquired an extreme form of sexual dimorphism whereby males undergo metamorphosis and exist as free-living adults while females remain larviform, reaching sexual maturity within their hosts. Expression of the transcription factor, broad (br) has been shown to be required for pupal development in insects in which both sexes progress through metamorphosis. A surge of br expression appears in the last larval instar, as the epidermis begins pupal development. Here we ask if br is also up-regulated in the last larval instar of male Xenos vesparum Rossi (Stylopidae), and whether such expression is lost in neotenic larviform females. We clone three isoforms of br from X. vesparum (Xv'br), and show that they share greatest similarity to the Z1, Z3 and Z4 isoforms of other insect species. By monitoring Xv'br expression throughout development, we detect elevated levels of total br expression and the Xv'Z1, Xv'Z3, and Xv'Z4 isoforms in the last larval instar of males, but not females. By focusing on Xv'br expression in individual samples, we show that the levels of Xv'BTB and Xv'Z3 in the last larval instar of males are bimodal, with some males expressing 3X greater levels of Xv'br than fourth instar femlaes. Taken together, these data suggest that neoteny (and endoparasitism) in females of Strepsiptera Stylopidia could be linked to the suppression of pupal determination. Our work identifies a difference in metamorphic gene expression that is associated with neoteny, and thus provides insights into the relationship between metamorphic and neotenic development.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Khosravi, Mahdi, 1988-
(författare)
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Leveraging Data-Driven and Alignment Techniques for Optimal Railway Track Maintenance Scheduling
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The railway infrastructure plays a pivotal role in fostering economic growth and poverty alleviation. Over time, these infrastructures deteriorate due to aging and usage, compromising their functionality. Given their crucial socioeconomic significance and vast scale, ensuring their functionality and availability is paramount. Thus, an effective condition-based maintenance program is essential to restore reliability, facilitate cost-effective restoration, and enable continued benefits.Track is a critical railway component susceptible to degradation from traffic loading, resulting in deviations from designated geometry parameters. Such degradation jeopardizes safety, availability, and travel quality. Developing an effective tamping regime emerges as a vital maintenance measure to control degradation and restore track geometry to acceptable standards. An optimal maintenance schedule becomes imperative to minimize costs, enhance track availability and capacity, and ensure safety.Achieving efficient tamping scheduling necessitates accurate prediction of geometry degradation, accounting for tamping effects, and modeling the evolution of single defects. However, uncontrolled shifts in geometry measurements from different inspections—known as positional errors—can misplace defects and distort their evolution analysis. Therefore, precise alignment of geometry measurements is vital to eliminate such positional errors.The purpose of this research was to streamline maintenance scheduling through leveraging track geometry measurements for modeling and prediction. Firstly, a study addressed alignment through evaluating and comparing four methods—Cross-Correlation Function (CCF), Recursive alignment by fast Fourier transform (RAFFT), Correlation optimized warping (COW), and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). Furthermore, a combined RAFFT-COW method was proposed, overcoming their limitations. Comparison revealed COW aligned datasets satisfactorily without altering their shape but could not align endpoints precisely. The combined method effectively aligned datasets even when the datasets were stretched or compressed. Secondly, a modified COW (MCOW) addressed accurate and efficient alignment. MCOW surpassed COW's restrictions and reduced alignment time. To enhance robustness, MCOW with channel fusion (MFCOW) combined data from different channels, significantly reducing positional errors. Thirdly, a multi-objective approach proposed aimed at reducing positional errors in geometry measurements of track as a linear asset. Accordingly, recursive segment-wise peak alignment (RSPA) and MCOW were evaluated and compared. Furthermore, a novel rule-based approach proposed which prevented data loss during alignment, preserving all the single defects. In addition, the results revealed that RSPA excelled in aligning peaks, while MCOW proved efficient for datasets with equal priority data points.Finally, an optimization model minimized track geometry maintenance costs through tamping scheduling. Key track quality indicators, including the standard deviation of the longitudinal level and single defects and the impact of preventive/corrective tamping on these indicators were integrated. Results showcased the influence of fixed maintenance window costs and maintenance cycle intervals on tamping expenses. The model's validity was confirmed through interactions with experienced practitioners from prominent railway infrastructure and maintenance entities.
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