| 1. |
- Berglund, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Switched enantiopreference of Humicola lipase for 2-phenoxyalkanoic acid ester homologs can be rationalized by different substrate binding modes
- 1999
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron. - 0957-4166 .- 1362-511X. ; 10:21, s. 4191-4202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humicola lanuginosa lipase was used for enantioselective hydrolyses of a series of homologous 2-phenoxyalkanoic acid ethyl esters. The enantioselectivity (E-value) of the enzyme changed from an (R)-enantiomer preference for the smallest substrate, 2-phenoxypropanoic acid ester, to an (S)-enantiomer preference for the homologous esters with longer acyl moieties. The E-values span the range from E=13 (R) to E=56 (S). A molecular modeling study identified two different substrate-binding modes for each enantiomer. We found that the enantiomers favored different modes. This discovery provided a model that offered a rational explanation for the observed switch in enantioselectivity. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Andreyev, Oleg A., et al.
(författare)
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Privatization of municipal property in Murmansk
- 1995
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Ingår i: Polar Geography. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1088-937X .- 1939-0513. ; 19:2, s. 88-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of a pilot study of privatization of municipal property in the Russian North based on data from the Murmansk city government. After a general overview of the process in Russia and Murmansk city, the paper outlines a number of positive and negative aspects of the privatization of city-owned enterprises on the basis of interviews conducted with the management of the newly privatized enterprises.
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| 3. |
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| 5. |
- Ehinger, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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p53-dependent and -independent differentiation of leukemic U-937 cells : relationship to cell cycle control
- 1998
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Ingår i: Experimental Hematology. - 1873-2399. ; 26:11, s. 52-1043
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observations based on overexpression of the suppressor gene p53 or interference with endogenous p53 support a role for p53 in mediating not only growth inhibition and apoptosis but also differentiation. The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanisms of p53-dependent differentiation in the monoblastic leukemia cell line U-937. These cells were transfected with a mutant of the p53 gene expressing wild-type p53 at a permissive temperature. The results showed that wild-type p53 and interferon (IFN)-gamma were able to work synergistically to promote differentiation. This cooperative response was not associated with early G1 arrest of the cell cycle, indicating that p53 can mediate differentiation by mechanisms other than those used for mediating G1 arrest. The differentiation response to transfected p53 with or without INF-gamma was inhibited by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-inducing agents (dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate, forskolin, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the differentiation response of p53-negative U-937 cells to 1,25-dihydroxychole-calciferol or all-trans retinoic acid was enhanced by cAMP-inducing agents at optimal concentrations and inhibited at higher concentrations. In addition, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-mediated differentiation could be achieved in cells arrested in G1 by concomitant incubation with cAMP-inducing agents, indicating that differentiation can occur in the absence of proliferation. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that p53-dependent and -independent differentiation can occur independently of cell cycle regulation.
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| 8. |
- Furmark, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Social phobia in the general population: prevalence and sociodemographic profile
- 1999
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Ingår i: SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY. - : DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG. - 0933-7954. ; 34:8, s. 416-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The present study examined the prevalence of social phobia in the Swedish general population and demographic characteristics associated with this anxiety disorder. Methods: Data were obtained by means of a postal survey administrated to 2000
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