| 1. |
- Kaptay, G., et al.
(författare)
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On different modifications of the capillary model of penetration of inert liquid metals into porous refractories and their connection to the pore size distribution of the refractories
- 2004
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Ingår i: Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, process metallurgy and materials processing science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1073-5615 .- 1543-1916. ; 35:3, s. 471-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different modifications to the classical capillary model of penetration of liquid metals into porous refractories are presented; (1) with capillaries having different radii, (2) with zigzag capillaries, and (3) with capillaries, having periodically changing capillary radius along the path of penetration. All the modified capillary models were checked against our experimental results of measuring the penetration of liquid mercury into three types of alumina refractories, having different microstructure and pore size distribution. The maximum penetration height was measured by X-ray radiography, as a function of applied outside pressure. The model with periodically changing capillary has been found to describe the experimental data satisfactorily. This model divides the process of penetration into two stages. During the first period of pre-penetration, the maximum penetration height changes very slowly (but not linearly) as the outside pressure is increased in the interval between the minimum threshold pressure and the maximum threshold pressure. In the second, bulk penetration period, appearing above the maximum threshold pressure, the maximum height of penetration increases rapidly with outside pressure, according to the classical capillary model of penetration. The three structural model parameters of the model (minimum pore radius, maximum pore radius, and period of pore structure) were connected with the measured pore size distribution curves of the refractories through semiempirical equations. As a result, our complex semiempirical model is able to predict penetration diagrams for any inert liquid metal into any refractory of a similar type.
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| 2. |
- Matsushita, Taishi, et al.
(författare)
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Penetration behavior of molten metal into porous oxides
- 2004
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Ingår i: Tetsu to hagane. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0021-1575 .- 1883-2954. ; 90:6, s. 429-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews recent developments on experimental methods and results of molten metal penetration into porous media and its theoretical achievements. Several selected topics are focused on, including experimental procedure, threshold pressure, penetration behavior, time dependence of penetration height, etc. studied by authors. And several interesting results of some researcher, including spontaneous penetration, influence of atmosphere or surface treatment on the penetration behavior are also highlighted. On the experimental method, authors have recently developed a new observation method of penetration of molten metal into porous refractory. The penetration behavior was observed by using X-ray radiographic apparatus. On the theoretical achievements, the data for penetration height were analyzed based on a capillary model in which a labyrinth (or tortuosity) factor was introduced, that is, a modified capillary model. The penetration behavior of molten metal was predictable based on penetration behavior of mercury. And some countermeasures to suppress or accelerate the penetration of molten metal into porous media was suggested.
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| 3. |
- Mukai, K., et al.
(författare)
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Behavior of gas curtain formed at the boundary between container wall and liquid by injection gas
- 2004
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Ingår i: Tetsu to hagane. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0021-1575 .- 1883-2954. ; 90:6, s. 439-444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An almost continuous gas film, which may be called gas curtain, was formed at the boundary between water solution and solid wall with poor wettability when nitrogen gas was injected into the water solution from the bottom end of the solid wall trough porous brick. Length of the gas curtain was observed and briefly discussed in relation to gas injection rate, inclined angle of the solid wall, NaCl concentration, concentration of surface active agent (C8H17SO3Na), roughness of the solid wall and porosity of the porous brick.
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