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- Øvrelid, Lilja, 1978
(författare)
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Argument Differentiation. Soft constraints and data-driven models
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ability to distinguish between different types of arguments is central to syntactic analysis, whether studied from a theoretical or computational point of view. This thesis investigates the influence and interaction of linguistic properties of syntactic arguments in argument differentiation. Cross-linguistic generalizations regarding these properties often express probabil... meristic, or soft, constraints, rather than absolute requirements on syntactic structure. In language data, we observe frequency effects in the realization of syntactic arguments. We propose that argument differentiation can be studied using data-driven methods which directly express the relationship between frequency distributions in language data and linguistic categories. The main focus in this thesis is on the formulation and empirical evaluation of linguistically motivated features for data-driven modeling. Based on differential properties of syntactic arguments in Scandinavian language data, we investigate the linguistic factors involved in argument differentiation from two different perspectives. We study automatic acquisition of the lexical semantic category of animacy and show that statistical tendencies in argument differentiation supports automatic classification of unseen nouns. The classification is furthermore robust, generalizable across machine learning algorithms, as well as scalable to larger data sets. We go on to perform a detailed study of the influence of a range of different linguistic properties, such as animacy, definiteness and finiteness, on argument disambiguation in data-driven dependency parsing of Swedish. By including features capturing these properties in the representations used by the parser, we are able to improve accuracy significantly, and in particular for the analysis of syntactic arguments. The thesis shows how the study of soft constraints and gradience in language can be carried out using data-driven models and argues that these provide a controlled setting where different factors may be evaluated and their influence quantified. By focusing on empirical evaluation, we come to a better understanding of the results and implications of the datadriven models and furthermore show how linguistic motivation in turn can lead to improved computational models.
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| 3. |
- Bhandage, Amol K., 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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GABA-A and NMDA receptor subunit mRNA expression is altered in the caudate but not the putamen of the postmortem brains of alcoholics
- 2014
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. - : Frontiers. - 1662-5102. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic consumption of alcohol by humans has been shown to lead to impairment of executive and cognitive functions. Here, we have studied the mRNA expression of ion channel receptors for glutamate and GABA in the dorsal striatum of post-mortem brains from alcoholics (n = 29) and normal controls (n = 29), with the focus on the caudate nucleus that is associated with the frontal cortex executive functions and automatic thinking and on the putamen area that is linked to motor cortices and automatic movements. The results obtained by qPCR assay revealed significant changes in the expression of specific excitatory ionotropic glutamate and inhibitory GABA-A receptor subunit genes in the caudate but not the putamen. Thus, in the caudate we found reduced levels of mRNAs encoding the GluN2A glutamate receptor and the δ, ε, and ρ2 GABA-A receptor subunits, and increased levels of the mRNAs encoding GluD1, GluD2, and GABA-A γ1 subunits in the alcoholics as compared to controls. Interestingly in the controls, 11 glutamate and 5 GABA-A receptor genes were more prominently expressed in the caudate than the putamen (fold-increase varied from 1.24 to 2.91). Differences in gene expression patterns between the striatal regions may underlie differences in associated behavioral outputs. Our results suggest an altered balance between caudate-mediated voluntarily controlled and automatic behaviors in alcoholics, including diminished executive control on goal-directed alcohol-seeking behavior.
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| 4. |
- Fukushima, Takuya, et al.
(författare)
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Team classification with tactical analysis using fuzzy inference in robocup soccer
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 Joint 11th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and 21st International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (SCIS-ISIS). - : IEEE. - 9781728197326
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we propose an analysis method based on fuzzy inference in order to improve the classification accuracy on team strategies in RoboCup soccer. It is difficult to quantitatively evaluate team strategies because there are no appropriate ways to represent game situations including an intractable number of factors such as field states and tactics. Therefore, the performance of tactical analysis is not high enough to classify unknown teams. Because kick probability distribution proposed in previous works does not consider the kick directions, this paper employs kick direction distribution obtained by kernel density estimation using von-Mises distributions. A fuzzy inference system with the kick probability distribution as well as the kick direction distribution in the antecedent part of the fuzzy rules is constructed on the RoboCup games. This paper evaluates the classification accuracy of the proposed method through a series of computational experiments.
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| 5. |
- Bratulic, Sinisa, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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The Translational Status of Cancer Liquid Biopsies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2364-4133 .- 2364-4141. ; 7:3, s. 312-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision oncology aims to tailor clinical decisions specifically to patients with the objective of improving treatment outcomes. This can be achieved by leveraging omics information for accurate molecular characterization of tumors. Tumor tissue biopsies are currently the main source of information for molecular profiling. However, biopsies are invasive and limited in resolving spatiotemporal heterogeneity in tumor tissues. Alternative non-invasive liquid biopsies can exploit patient’s body fluids to access multiple layers of tumor-specific biological information (genomes, epigenomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, metabolomes, circulating tumor cells, and exosomes). Analysis and integration of these large and diverse datasets using statistical and machine learning approaches can yield important insights into tumor biology and lead to discovery of new diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers. Translation of these new diagnostic tools into standard clinical practice could transform oncology, as demonstrated by a number of liquid biopsy assays already entering clinical use. In this review, we highlight successes and challenges facing the rapidly evolving field of cancer biomarker research. Lay Summary: Precision oncology aims to tailor clinical decisions specifically to patients with the objective of improving treatment outcomes. The discovery of biomarkers for precision oncology has been accelerated by high-throughput experimental and computational methods, which can inform fine-grained characterization of tumors for clinical decision-making. Moreover, advances in the liquid biopsy field allow non-invasive sampling of patient’s body fluids with the aim of analyzing circulating biomarkers, obviating the need for invasive tumor tissue biopsies. In this review, we highlight successes and challenges facing the rapidly evolving field of liquid biopsy cancer biomarker research.
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| 6. |
- Simha, Prithvi, et al.
(författare)
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What do consumers think about recycling human urine as fertiliser? Perceptions and attitudes of a university community in South India
- 2018
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 143, s. 527-538
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sanitation systems based on source separation and valorisation of human urine can improve the environmental sustainability of wastewater management. Yet, the social acceptability of such new, resource oriented sanitation practices have not been assessed systematically. We attempt to address this research gap by reporting the findings of a survey conducted at a South Indian university that evaluated support for urine recycling among 1252 Indian consumers. We place our findings in the context of the Theory of Planned Behaviour, quantify consumer attitude to urine recycling through an exploratory numerical approach, and identify explanatory factors that shape consumer beliefs and perceptions. Overall, a moderately positive attitude was observed: 68% stated human urine should not be disposed but recycled, 55% considered it as fertiliser, but only 44% would consume food grown using it. While 65% believed using urine as crop fertiliser could pose a health risk, majority (80%) believed it could be treated so as to not pose a risk. The respondents' willingness to consume' urine-fertilised food was found to be strongly influenced by their willingness to pay. Consumer environmental attitudes, as evaluated using the New Ecological Paradigm scale, did not influence their attitude towards urine recycling behaviour. We thus believe that simply appealing to people's environmental sensitivities is not enough for introducing environmentally-friendly technologies like urine recycling, but that more targeted marketing messages are needed. We find sufficient support among our surveyed consumers for urine recycling but highlight that further research is needed to identify what information and agency will help translate positive attitudes into action and behaviour. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 7. |
- Phaijit, Ornnalin, et al.
(författare)
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A Demonstration of the Taxonomy of Functional Augmented Reality for Human-Robot Interaction
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. - 2167-2148. ; 2022-March, s. 981-985
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the rising use of Augmented Reality (AR) technologies in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), it is crucial that HRI research examines the role of AR in HRI to better define AR-HRI systems and identify potential areas for future research. A taxonomy for AR in HRI has recently been proposed for the field. However, it was limited to the definition of the framework, and exemplifying its use was missing. In this paper, we perform a demonstration of how the aforementioned taxonomy of AR in HRI can be used to analyse an existing AR-HRI system and come up with questions for alternative ways AR-HRI could be designed and further extended.
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| 8. |
- Guilford, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Migratory navigation in birds: new opportunities in an era of fast-developing tracking technology
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Biology. - : The Company of Biologists. - 1477-9145 .- 0022-0949. ; 214:22, s. 3705-3712
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Birds have remained the dominant model for studying the mechanisms of animal navigation for decades, with much of what has been discovered coming from laboratory studies or model systems. The miniaturisation of tracking technology in recent years now promises opportunities for studying navigation during migration itself (migratory navigation) on an unprecedented scale. Even if migration tracking studies are principally being designed for other purposes, we argue that attention to salient environmental variables during the design or analysis of a study may enable a host of navigational questions to be addressed, greatly enriching the field. We explore candidate variables in the form of a series of contrasts (e. g. land vs ocean or night vs day migration), which may vary naturally between migratory species, populations or even within the life span of a migrating individual. We discuss how these contrasts might help address questions of sensory mechanisms, spatiotemporal representational strategies and adaptive variation in navigational ability. We suggest that this comparative approach may help enrich our knowledge about the natural history of migratory navigation in birds.
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| 9. |
- Fabregat-Santiago, F., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of electrolyte in transport and recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells studied by impedance spectroscopy
- 2005
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 87:04-jan, s. 117-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main features of the characteristic impedance spectra of dye-sensitized solar cells are described in a wide range of potential conditions: from open to short circuit. An equivalent circuit model has been proposed to describe the parameters of electron transport, recombination, accumulation and other interfacial effects separately. These parameters were determined in the presence of three different electrolytes, both in the dark and under illumination. Shift in the conduction band edge due to the electrolyte composition was monitored in terms of the changes in transport resistance and charge accumulation in TiO2. The interpretation of the current-potential curve characteristics, fill factor, open-circuit photopotential and efficiency in the different conditions, was correlated with this shift and the features of the recombination resistance.
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