| 1. |
- Allansson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Organized violence, 1989-2016
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Peace Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-3433 .- 1460-3578. ; 54:4, s. 574-587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dramatic increase in the number of fatalities in organized violence, seen between 2011 and 2014, did not continue in 2015 and 2016. Rather, the notation of some 131,000 fatalities in 2014 was followed by a steep decline, with just below 119,000 in 2015 and a little over 102,000 fatalities in 2016. Despite the decrease, the number was the fifth highest during the entire 1989-2016 period. Most of the fatalities - over 87,000 - were incurred in state-based conflicts, the main driver behind the trend. Just as the number of fatalities, the number of state-based conflicts, albeit remaining on a high level, continued to decrease in 2016, going from 52 to 49, with 12 of them reaching the level of war, with at least 1,000 battle-related deaths. Also the non-state conflicts dropped in number in 2016, from 73 to 60. This was followed by a decrease in the number of fatalities, and only one conflict caused more than 1,000 deaths. Twenty-one actors were registered in one-sided violence, down by five from 2015. A number this low has only been recorded twice before; in both 2009 and 2010, 21 one-sided actors were listed in UCDP data. The number of fatalities also decreased, going from almost 9,800 to a little over 6,000.
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| 2. |
- Bjarnegård, Elin, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender and Conflict in East Asia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Routledge Handbook of Asia in World Politics. - New York, NY : Routledge. - 9781138927131 - 9781315682808 ; , s. 216-226
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Bjarnegård, Elin, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Honor and Political Violence : Micro-level findings from a Survey in Thailand
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Peace Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-3433 .- 1460-3578. ; 54:6, s. 748-761
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Who participates in political violence? In this study, we investigate the issue at the micro-level, comparing individuals who have used violence in political uprising with those who have not. We develop our argument from the observation that men are strongly overrepresented in political violence, although most men do not participate. Literature on masculinities emphasizes the role of honor and its links to different forms of violence, such as domestic abuse, criminal violence, and violent attitudes. Building on this literature, we discern two separate but related aspects of honor: honor as male societal privilege and control over female sexuality, i.e., patriarchal values, and honor as ideals of masculine toughness, i.e., the perceived necessity for men to be fierce and respond to affronts with violence or threats of violence in order to preserve status. We argue that patriarchal values combined with ideals of masculine toughness together constitute honor ideology, which contributes in turn to the explanation of who participates in political violence. We present new and unique individual-level survey data on these issues, collected in Thailand. We find that honor ideology strongly and robustly predicts a higher likelihood of participating in political violence among male political activists. A number of previous studies find a macro-level relationship between gender equality and peacefulness in a society. This study provides evidence for one micro-level mechanism linking gender equality and political violence at the macro-level. Based on these results, we conclude that honor ideology endorsement is a driver of violence in political conflicts.
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| 4. |
- Brosché, Johan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Nio punkter för global fred (Nine Points for Global Peace)
- 2015
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Insatserna för global fred måste stärkas skriver tolv företrädare för institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning apropå att världens ledare samlas i dag i New York för att anta 17 nya globala mål för en bättre värld och mer hållbar utveckling.
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| 5. |
- Davenport, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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The Peace Continuum : What It Is and How to Study It
- 2018
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- The idea of studying peace has gained considerable traction in the past few years after languishing in the shadows of conflict for decades but how should it be studied? The Peace Continuum offers a parallax view of how we think about peace and the complexities that surround the concept (i.e., the book explores the topic from different positions at the same time). Toward this end, we review existing literature and provide insights into how peace should be conceptualized - particularly as something more interesting than the absence of conflict. We provide an approach that can help scholars overcome what we see as the initial shock that comes with unpacking the 'zero' in the war-peace model of conflict studies. Additionally, we provide a framework for understanding how peace and conflict have/have not been related to one another in the literature. To reveal how the Peace Continuum could be applied, we put forward three alternative ways that peace could be studied. With this approach, the book is less trying to control the emerging peace research agenda than it is trying to assist in/encourage thinking about the topic that we all have some opinion on but that has yet to be measured and analyzed in a way comparable to political conflict and violence. Indeed, we attempt to help facilitate a veritable explosion of approaches and efforts to study peace.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Joshi, Madhav, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining demobilization in the wake of civil conflict
- 2017
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Ingår i: Peacebuilding. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2164-7259 .- 2164-7267. ; 5:3, s. 270-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demobilisation of rival armed forces in negotiated transitions from civil war to peace represents a practical challenge and a theoretical puzzle. From the point of view of the former warring parties, demobilisation is hazardous and hence requires a minimum level of trust, which often requires that both sides take reciprocal steps to demonstrate minimum levels of commitments. On the other hand, existing literature emphasises the role of third-party guarantors in creating the security necessary for demobilisation. We argue that the credibility of third-party guarantors is largely unexplained, and instead propose that the former warring parties themselves can overcome distrust by implementing political accommodation measures before demobilisation, such as transitional power sharing, release of prisoners of war, and amnesty. In an analysis of 34 peace processes, we find support for our expectation that implementation of accommodation measures facilitates demobilisation processes, whereas deployment of UN peacekeeping troops has no effect. These findings have significant policy implications for ongoing peace processes on how to achieve successful demobilisation in a war to peace transition.
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| 9. |
- Joshi, Madhav, et al.
(författare)
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Sequencing the Peace How the Order of Peace Agreement Implementation Can Reduce the Destabilizing Effects of Post-accord Elections
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Conflict Resolution. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0027 .- 1552-8766. ; 61:1, s. 4-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Once a set of civil war actors reach a final peace agreement, a number of different implementation sequences are possible as the negotiated provisions are put into practice. We focus on a key but threatening stepping stone in the post-accord period-the holding of the first post-accord election-which has the capacity to be a stabilizing or destabilizing force. We identify effective accommodation provisions that civil war actors can negotiate and implement before the first post-accord election to reduce the chances of renewed violence. Utilizing new longitudinal data on the implementation of comprehensive peace agreements between 1989 and 2012 and a series of survival models, we find that if the first post-accord election is preceded by the implementation of accommodation measures, elections can have a peace-promoting effect. However, in the absence of preelection accommodation measures, elections are much more likely to be followed by peace failure.
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| 10. |
- Kreutz, Joakim, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The East Asian Peace : will it last?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Debating the East Asian Peace. - Copenhagen : NIAS Press. - 9788776942199 ; , s. 281-296
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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