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- Larsson, K, et al.
(författare)
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Inhalation of cold air increases the number of inflammatory cells in the lungs in healthy subjects
- 1998
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 12:4, s. 825-830
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prolonged exposure to cold air may induce a chronic asthma-like condition in healthy subjects as has been demonstrated in cross-country skiers. In the present controlled study, our aim was to elucidate further the link between cold air exposure and airway inflammation by assessing the cellular influx and mediator levels within the airways following acute exposure to cold air. Bronchoalveolar (BAL) and nasal lavages were performed after exposure to cold air (-23 degrees C) and normal indoor air (+22 degrees C) during a light, intermittent work for 2 h in a cross-over design in eight healthy, nonsmoking, subjects. Analyses of inflammatory cell number, cell activation markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, albumin and interleukin (IL)-8 in lavage fluids were performed. The number of granulocytes and of alveolar macrophages in BAL fluid was significantly higher after cold air exposure (p<0.05). No increase in BAL fluid lymphocytes and no signs of lymphocyte activation in BAL fluid were found. The concentration of IL-8 was unchanged. There were no signs of granulocyte activation (myeloperoxidase, eosinphilic cationic protein) in BAL fluid. Cold air did not influence the number of inflammatory cells or the concentration of albumin and IL-8 in nasal lavage fluid. In conclusion, exposure to cold air induces an increased number of granulocytes and macrophages in the lower airways in healthy subjects without influencing other inflammatory indices such as cellular activation, plasma leakage and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings support the hypothesis that cold air could be of pathogenetic importance in the asthma-like condition previously found in cross-country skiers.
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- Malmsten, M, et al.
(författare)
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Interfacial behaviour of 'new' poly(ethylene oxide)-containing copolymers
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer Edition. - 0920-5063 .- 1568-5624. ; 10, s. 1075-1087
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Block copolymers containing poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) have a wide applicability within biomedical applications, not the least due to anti-fouling properties of surface coatings based on these copolymers. We have investigated a number of these, and results for PEO/poly(butylene oxide) (PEO/PBO), PEO/poly(lactide) (PEO/PL), and PEO/poly(ethylene imine) (PEO/PEI) copolymers, as well as for PEO-esterified fatty acids, are presented and discussed. For the former class of polymers, the effects of molecular architecture on the adsorption properties are adressed, and experimental results obtained with ellipsometry and small-angle neutron scattering presented. For the PEO/PL block copolymers, the effects of the PEO and PL lengths for the polymer adsorption are adressed, as are the effects of degradation of the PL moiety on both adsorption and protein rejection. For the PEO-esterified fatty acids, the effects of PEO chain length and interfacial density on the protein rejection capacity of such coatings are discussed.
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- Malmsten, M, et al.
(författare)
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Sequential adsorption of human serum albumin (HSA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and fibrinogen (Fgn) at HMDSO plasma polymer surfaces
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 193, s. 88-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sequential adsorption of human serum albumin (HSA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and fibrinogen (Fgn) at hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) plasma polymer surfaces was investigated with ellipsometry and total internal reflectance fluorescence spectroscopy (TIRF) as a function of adsorption time, pH, and excess electrolyte concentration. HSA was found to self-exchange very slowly (≈hours) at pH 7.2, irrespective of adsorption time in the range 90 seconds to 90 minutes. Preadsorbed HSA was exchanged by Fgn and IgG only to a limited extent irrespectively of pH (5≤pH≤8) and excess electrolyte concentration (5 mM≤Cs≤150 mM). At an excess electrolyte concentration of 150 mM, the sequential adsorption of Fgn and IgG was dramatically reduced by HSA preadsorption, irrespective of pH. At an excess electrolyte concentration of 5 mM, on the other hand, there were indications of second layer adsorption of Fgn and IgG.
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