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- Scaini, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Pathways from research to sustainable development: Insights from ten research projects in sustainability and resilience
- 2024
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Ingår i: AMBIO. - : SPRINGER. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on collective experience from ten collaborative research projects focused on the Global South, we identify three major challenges that impede the translation of research on sustainability and resilience into better-informed choices by individuals and policy-makers that in turn can support transformation to a sustainable future. The three challenges comprise: (i) converting knowledge produced during research projects into successful knowledge application; (ii) scaling up knowledge in time when research projects are short-term and potential impacts are long-term; and (iii) scaling up knowledge across space, from local research sites to larger-scale or even global impact. Some potential pathways for funding agencies to overcome these challenges include providing targeted prolonged funding for dissemination and outreach, and facilitating collaboration and coordination across different sites, research teams, and partner organizations. By systematically documenting these challenges, we hope to pave the way for further innovations in the research cycle.
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- Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity, sedentary time and breast cancer risk : a Mendelian randomisation study
- 2022
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 56:20, s. 1157-1170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are associated with higher breast cancer risk in observational studies, but ascribing causality is difficult. Mendelian randomisation (MR) assesses causality by simulating randomised trial groups using genotype. We assessed whether lifelong physical activity or sedentary time, assessed using genotype, may be causally associated with breast cancer risk overall, pre/post-menopause, and by case-groups defined by tumour characteristics.METHODS: We performed two-sample inverse-variance-weighted MR using individual-level Breast Cancer Association Consortium case-control data from 130 957 European-ancestry women (69 838 invasive cases), and published UK Biobank data (n=91 105-377 234). Genetic instruments were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated in UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer-measured overall physical activity (nsnps=5) or sedentary time (nsnps=6), or accelerometer-measured (nsnps=1) or self-reported (nsnps=5) vigorous physical activity.RESULTS: Greater genetically-predicted overall activity was associated with lower breast cancer overall risk (OR=0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42 to 0.83 per-standard deviation (SD;~8 milligravities acceleration)) and for most case-groups. Genetically-predicted vigorous activity was associated with lower risk of pre/perimenopausal breast cancer (OR=0.62; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.87,≥3 vs. 0 self-reported days/week), with consistent estimates for most case-groups. Greater genetically-predicted sedentary time was associated with higher hormone-receptor-negative tumour risk (OR=1.77; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.92 per-SD (~7% time spent sedentary)), with elevated estimates for most case-groups. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses examining pleiotropy (including weighted-median-MR, MR-Egger).CONCLUSION: Our study provides strong evidence that greater overall physical activity, greater vigorous activity, and lower sedentary time are likely to reduce breast cancer risk. More widespread adoption of active lifestyles may reduce the burden from the most common cancer in women.
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- Mulligan, Joseph
(författare)
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People, Climate, and Inclusive Infrastructure : A thesis on design and planning in underserved neighbourhoods
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is concerned with the processes of design and planning of infrastructure in rapidly urbanising cities that can lead to a more just and sustainable trajectory of urban development in the context of a changing climate. The thesis draws on case studies, panel surveys, interviews, and participant-observation of both top-down and bottom-up planning processes for infrastructure development and flood risk management in the context of urban informal areas, with a particular focus on the large informal neighbourhood of Kibera in central Nairobi, Kenya. The research herein employs a transdisciplinary approach to bring together the knowledge and expertise of residents, practitioners, design professionals, and academics in research design and delivery, and in the interpretation of the data and results. The overall aim of the thesis is to generate new understanding on the involvement of citizens and technical experts in the design and planning of urban development initiatives, and in particular for building flood resilience in informal, underserved and under-resourced neighbourhoods. Outputs include: theory development for multi-stakeholder participation in infrastructure planning, the analysis of participatory tools for flood risk management in urban contexts and new evidence on the benefits and limitations of emergent practices in local infrastructure management. Results show how informal areas can be sites for innovation, transition, and integration of infrastructure systems at multiple scales. The data and cases presented show how residents in underserved and under-resourced neighbourhoods have sophisticated knowledge about local climate-threats and have clear priorities for longer term development that should be at the centre of infrastructure and upgrading. This thesis puts forward a model of inclusive infrastructure development that aims to capture the emergent and transformational properties of concerted efforts by resident and civil society groups, alongside routes to scale and replicability, and to provide more viable and responsive development pathways for underserved neighbourhoods.
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