| 1. |
- Bohlin, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping forest attributes using data from stereophotogrammetry of aerial images and field data from the national forest inventory
- 2017
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Ingår i: Silva Fennica. - : Finnish Society of Forest Science. - 0037-5330 .- 2242-4075. ; 51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exploring the possibility to produce nation-wide forest attribute maps using stereophotogrammetry of aerial images, the national terrain model and data from the National Forest Inventory (NFI). The study areas are four image acquisition blocks in mid-and south Sweden. Regression models were developed and applied to 12.5 m x 12.5 m raster cells for each block and validation was done with an independent dataset of forest stands. Model performance was compared for eight different forest types separately and the accuracies between forest types clearly differs for both image-and LiDAR methods, but between methods the difference in accuracy is small at plot level. At stand level, the root mean square error in percent of the mean (RMSE%) were ranging: from 7.7% to 10.5% for mean height; from 12.0% to 17.8% for mean diameter; from 21.8% to 22.8% for stem volume; and from 17.7% to 21.1% for basal area. This study clearly shows that aerial images from the national image program together with field sample plots from the NFI can be used for large area forest attribute mapping.
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| 2. |
- Habibovic, Azra, et al.
(författare)
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Command-based driving for tactical control of highly automated vehicles
- 2017
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Ingår i: Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation. - Cham : Springer Verlag. - 9783319416816 ; , s. 499-510
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As vehicles become highly automated, their drivers become more passive. A concern is it may take drivers out of the control loop, causing reduced satisfaction and perceived control. The study explores whether or not drivers feel the need to control tactical decisions when operating highly automated vehicles. An experiment involving 17 drivers was carried out in a driving simulator. Each driver tested two different tactical controllers, allowing him/her to give various tactical commands to the vehicle (e.g., overtake, park). The results indicate that the drivers experienced a need to affect tactical decisions of highly automated vehicles. Several of the tactical commands were found useful, especially on rural roads and highways. It also gave them a feeling of being in control of the vehicle, suggesting that command-based driving might be a way to keep drivers in the control loop.
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| 3. |
- Jespersen, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical responses to adoptive T-cell transfer can be modeled in an autologous immune-humanized mouse model.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of autologous tumor-infiltrating T cells have shown durable responses in patients with melanoma. To study ACT and immunotherapies in a humanized model, we have developed PDXv2.0 -a melanoma PDX model where tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating T cells from the same patient are transplanted sequentially in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immune-deficient/common gamma chain (NOG/NSG) knockout mouse. Key to T-cell survival/effect in this model is the continuous presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Tumors that grow in PDXv2.0 are eradicated if the autologous tumor cells and T cells come from a patient that exhibited an objective response to ACT in the clinic. However, T cells from patients that are non-responders to ACT cannot kill tumor cells in PDXv2.0. Taken together, PDXv2.0 provides the potential framework to further model genetically diverse human cancers for assessing the efficacy of immunotherapies as well as combination therapies.Combining different types of immune therapies might benefit certain patients. Here, the authors develop an autologous immune-humanized melanoma mouse model that allows the preclinical assessment of cancer cell-T cell interactions from each individual patient and the benefits of immunotherapies combinations.
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| 4. |
- Muralidharan, Somsundar Veppil, et al.
(författare)
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BET bromodomain inhibitors synergize with ATR inhibitors in melanoma in melanoma.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cell Death & Disease. - 2041-4889. ; 8:8, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metastatic malignant melanoma continues to be a challenging disease despite clinical translation of the comprehensive understanding of driver mutations and how melanoma cells evade immune attack. In Myc-driven lymphoma, efficacy of epigenetic inhibitors of the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family of bromodomain proteins can be enhanced by combination therapy with inhibitors of the DNA damage response kinase ATR. Whether this combination is active in solid malignancies like melanoma, and how it relates to immune therapy, has not previously investigated. To test efficacy and molecular consequences of combination therapies cultured melanoma cells were used. To assess tumor responses to therapies in vivo we use patient-derived xenografts and B6 mice transplanted with B16F10 melanoma cells. Concomitant inhibition of BET proteins and ATR of cultured melanoma cells resulted in similar effects as recently shown in lymphoma, such as induction of apoptosis and p62, implicated in autophagy, senescence-associated secretory pathway and ER stress. In vivo, apoptosis and suppression of subcutaneous growth of patient-derived melanoma and B16F10 cells were observed. Our data suggest that ATRI/BETI combination therapies are effective in melanoma.
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| 5. |
- Nilsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A nationwide forest attribute map of Sweden predicted using airborne laser scanning data and field data from the National Forest Inventory
- 2017
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing of Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-4257 .- 1879-0704. ; 194, s. 447-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The National Mapping Agency in Sweden has conducted an airborne laser scanning (ALS) campaign covering almost the entire country for the purpose of creating a new national Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The ALS data were collected between 2009 and 2015 using Leica, Optech, Riegi, and Trimble scanners and have a point density of 0.5-1.0 pulses/m(2). A high resolution national raster database (12.5 m x 12.5 m cell size) with forest variables was produced by combining the ALS data with field data from the Swedish National Forest Inventory (NFI). Approximately 11500 NFI plots (10 meter radius) located on productive forest land, inventoried between 2009 and 2013, were used to create linear regression models relating selected forest variables, or transformations of the variables, to metrics derived from the ALS data. The resulting stand level relative RMSEs for predictions of stem volume, basal area, basal-area weighted mean tree height, and basal-area weighted mean stem diameter were in the ranges of 17.2-22.0%, 13.9-18.2%, 5.4-9.5%, and 8.7-13.1%, respectively. It was concluded that the predictions had an accuracy that were at least as good as data typically used in forest management planning. Above ground tree biomass was also included in the national raster database but not validated on a stand -level. An important part of the project was to make the raster database available to private forest owners, forest associations, forest companies, authorities, researchers, and the general public. Thus, all predicted forest variables can be viewed and downloaded free of charge at the Swedish Forest Agency's homepage (http://www. skogsstyrelsen.se/skogligagrunddata). (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Åsljung, Daniel, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Using Extreme Value Theory for Vehicle Level Safety Validation and Implications for Autonomous Vehicles
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles. - 2379-8858. ; 2:4, s. 288-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much effort is put right now into how to make autonomous vehicles as capable as possible in order to be able to replace humans as drivers. Less focus is put into how to ensure that this transition happens in a safe way that we can put trust in. The verification of the extreme dependability requirements connected to safety is expected to be one of the largest challenges to overcome in the commercialization of autonomous vehicles. Using traditional statistical methods to validate complete vehicle safety would require the vehicle to cover extreme distances to show that collisions occur rare enough. However, recent research has shown the possibility of using near-collisions in order to estimate the frequency of actual collisions using Extreme Value Theory. To use this method, there is a need for a measure related to the closeness of a collision. This paper shows that the choice of this threat measure has a significant impact on the inferences drawn from the data. With the right measure, this method can be used to validate the safety of a vehicle. This, while keeping the validity high and the data required lower than the state of the art statistical methods.
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| 7. |
- Åsljung, Daniel, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of Collision Frequency Estimation Using Extreme Value Theory
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference, 2017. ; 2018-March, s. 1857-1862
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a lot of focus right now on how to build an autonomous vehicle, which can handle all the situations that a human driver is experiencing. Less is done on how to ensure that these vehicles are safe enough to be released to the public. Using traditional statistical methods would require one to drive extensive distances without incidents to prove the safety to a sufficient degree. Recent research has shown the possibility of using near-collisions in order to estimate the frequency of actual collisions using Extreme Value Theory. In order to trust these estimations, the precision of these estimates needs to be validated. The results from a 250 000 km field test shows that the Extreme Value estimations are reasonable in relation to a crash statistics estimate for rear-end collisions. This further suggests that extreme value is a method that can be used to predict collision frequencies from data containing no collisions.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ait Ali, Abderrahman, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Disaggregation in Bundle Methods : Application to the Train Timetabling Problem
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bundle methods are often used to solve dual problems that arise from Lagrangian relaxations of large scale optimization problems. An example of such problems is the train timetabling problem. This paper focuses on solving a dual problem that arises from Lagrangian relaxation of a train timetabling optimization program. The dual problem is solved using bundle methods. We formulate and compare the performances of two different bundle methods: the aggregate method, which is a standard method, and a new, disaggregate, method which is proposed here. The two methods were tested on realistic train timetabling scenarios from the Iron Ore railway line. The numerical results show that the new disaggregate approach generally yields faster convergence than the standard aggregate approach.
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