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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Sven E, et al.
(författare)
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Långtidsöverlevnaden vid diabetes har successivt förbättrats. Lång sjukdomsduration kan ge information om protektiva möjligheter
- 2005
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 102:28, s. 2066-2070
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies on patients with long-term diabetes survival without severe complications can give information about protective factors. Therefore, the present study aims to describe the long-term survival of patients with diabetes during successive periods following the introduction of insulin therapy in 1923. After registration in 1973 of the first local diabetic patient in Jonkoping with a fifty-year survival, this group has successively increased. Of those who were diagnosed during the period 1940 through 1949 there was a fifty-year survival in about one third. The successively better survival emphasises the importance of therapeutic progress. The study found no difference in diabetes control between those surviving 50 years and those with an age-matched group with a survival of 15 years. The insulin dose tended to decrease after 30 years duration. Peripheral vibration sensibility as well as renal function deteriorated by longer duration. The serum ratio of HDL-cholesterol to triglycerides increased. The frequency of glaucoma, cataract, and a history of myocardial infarction increased. In spite of long duration, one third of the sample had escaped serious retinopathy.
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| 4. |
- af Sillén, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Self-rated health in relation to age and gender: influence on mortality risk in the Malmö Preventive Project.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 33:3, s. 9-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: A study was undertaken to examine whether poor self-rated health (SRH) can independently predict all-cause mortality during 22-year follow-up in middle-aged men and women. Subjects and methods: Data are derived from a population-based study in Malmo¨ , Sweden. This included baseline laboratory testing and a self-administered questionnaire. The question on global SRH was answered by 15,590 men (mean age 46.4 years) and 10,089 women (49.4 years). Social background characteristics (occupation, marital status) were based on data from national censuses. Mortality was retrieved from national registers. Results: At screening 4,261 (27.3%) men and 3,085 (30.6%) women reported poor SRH. Among subjects rating their SRH as low, 1,022 (24.0%) men and 228 (7.4%) women died during follow-up. Corresponding figures for subjects rating their SRH as high were 1801 (15.9%) men and 376 (5.4%) women. An analysis of survival in subjects reporting poor SRH revealed an age-adjusted hazard risk ratio (HR, 95%CI) for men HR 1.5 (1.4–1.7), and for women HR 1.4 (1.2–1.6). The corresponding HR after adjusting for possible social confounders was for men HR 1.3 (1.1–1.4), and women HR 1.1 (0.9–1.4). When additional adjustment was made for biological risk factors the association for men was still significant, HR 1.2 (1.1–1.3). Conclusion: Poor SRH predicts increased long-term mortality in healthy, middle-aged subjects. For men the association is independent of both social background and selected biological variables. The adjustment for biological variables can be questioned as they might represent mediating mechanisms in a possible causal chain of events.
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| 5. |
- Björk, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics of complex formation between biological and luminescent conjugated polyelectrolytes - a surface plasmon resonance study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biosensors and Bioelectronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-5663. ; 20:9, s. 1764-1771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A water-soluble polythiophene, POWT, with zwitterionic peptide like side chains possess good characteristics for biosensor applications. The zwitterionic side chains of the polymer can couple to biomolecules via electrostatic and hydrogen bonding. This creates possibilities to imprint biomolecules to spin-coated polymer films with maintained functionality, and use the resulting matrix as a biosensor. Polymer-biomolecular interaction studies done with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reveal a well performing sensor matrix with high affinity for DNA hybridizations as well as for protein detection. The responses are distinct and very specific. A directional dependence of antibodies binding to POWT layer has also been observed. The polymer films have also been characterized by optical methods. Emission and absorption measurements in different buffer systems confirm that the polymer matrix can undergo structural and conformational changes on surfaces. The dielectric function in the interval 300–800 nm of POWT is reported, based on variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. This modeling reveals that a considerable amount of water is included in the material. The polymer layer possesses the characteristics needed for biochip applications and micro array techniques.
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| 7. |
- Droyvold, WB, et al.
(författare)
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Weight change and mortality: The Nord-Trondelag Health Study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 257:4, s. 338-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. The prevalence of obesity is increasing. Overweight and obese people have increased mortality compared with normal weight people. We investigated the effect of weight change on mortality. Design. Prospective population study. Setting. We utilized data from two large population-based health studies conducted in 1984-86 and 1995-97 respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate mortality rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between people with a stable weight and people who lost or gained weight. Subjects. Totally 20 542 men and 23 712 women aged 20 years or more, without cardiovascular disease or diabetes at the first survey and without a history of cancer at the second survey were followed up on all-cause mortality for 5 years after the second survey. Results. We found no association between weight gain and mortality. People who lost weight had a higher total mortality rate compared with those who were weight stable [RR was 1.6 (95% CI: 1.4-1.8) in men and 1.7 (95% CI: 1.5-2.0) in women]. Similar associations were found for cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality. Additional analysis showed a linear increase in mortality rates across categories of weight loss for both men and women (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant interaction between weight change and initial BMI, but only amongst men (P = 0.001). Conclusions. Weight loss, but not weight gain, was associated with increased mortality amongst men and women. Although underlying undiagnosed disease is the most plausible explanation for this finding, the similar associations found for total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and noncardiovascular mortality makes the causal pathway somewhat enigmatic.
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| 8. |
- Ekberg, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality in GOLD stages of COPD and its dependence on symptoms of chronic bronchitis
- 2005
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Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 6, s. 98-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The GOLD classification of COPD severity introduces a stage 0 ( at risk) comprising individuals with productive cough and normal lung function. The aims of this study were to investigate total mortality risks in GOLD stages 0 - 4 with special focus on stage 0, and furthermore to assess the influence of symptoms of chronic bronchitis on mortality risks in GOLD stages 1 - 4. Method: Between 1974 and 1992, a total of 22 044 middle-aged individuals participated in a health screening, which included a spirometry as well as recording of respiratory symptoms and smoking habits. Individuals with comorbidity at baseline ( diabetes, stroke, cancer, angina pectoris, or heart infarction) were excluded from the analyses. Hazard ratios (HR 95% CI) of total mortality were analyzed in GOLD stages 0 - 4 with individuals with normal lung function and without symptoms of chronic bronchitis as a reference group. HR: s in smoking individuals with symptoms of chronic bronchitis within the stages 1 - 4 were calculated with individuals with the same GOLD stage but without symptoms of chronic bronchitis as reference. Results: The number of deaths was 3674 for men and 832 for women based on 352 324 and 150 050 person-years respectively. The proportion of smokers among men was 50% and among women 40%. Self reported comorbidity was present in 4.6% of the men and 6.6% of the women. Among smoking men, Stage 0 was associated with an increased mortality risk, HR; 1.65 ( 1.32 - 2.08), of similar magnitude as in stage 2, HR; 1.41 ( 1.31 - 1.70). The hazard ratio in stage 0 was significantly higher than in stage 1 HR; 1.13 ( 0.98 - 1.29). Among male smokers with stage 1; HR: 2.04 ( 1.34 - 3.11), and among female smokers with stage 2 disease; HR: 3.16 ( 1.38 - 7.23), increased HR: s were found in individuals with symptoms of chronic bronchitis as compared to those without symptoms of chronic bronchitis. Conclusion: Symptoms fulfilling the definition of chronic bronchitis were associated with an increased mortality risk among male smokers with normal pulmonary function ( stage 0) and also with an increased risk of death among smoking individuals with mild to moderate COPD ( stage 1 and 2).
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| 9. |
- El-Sayed, Najib M., et al.
(författare)
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The genome sequence of Trypanosoma cruzi, etiologic agent of Chagas disease.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 309:5733, s. 409-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whole-genome sequencing of the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi revealed that the diploid genome contains a predicted 22,570 proteins encoded by genes, of which 12,570 represent allelic pairs. Over 50% of the genome consists of repeated sequences, such as retrotransposons and genes for large families of surface molecules, which include trans-sialidases, mucins, gp63s, and a large novel family (>1300 copies) of mucin-associated surface protein (MASP) genes. Analyses of the T. cruzi, T. brucei, and Leishmania major (Tritryp) genomes imply differences from other eukaryotes in DNA repair and initiation of replication and reflect their unusual mitochondrial DNA. Although the Tritryp lack several classes of signaling molecules, their kinomes contain a large and diverse set of protein kinases and phosphatases; their size and diversity imply previously unknown interactions and regulatory processes, which may be targets for intervention.
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