| 1. |
- Kudahettige-Nilsson, Rasika L., et al.
(författare)
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Biobutanol Production by Clostridium acetobutylicum Using Xylose Recovered from Birch Kraft Black Liquor
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 176, s. 71-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) fermentation was studied using acid-hydrolyzed xylan recovered from hardwood Kraft black liquor by CO2 acidification as the only carbon source. Detoxification of hydrolyzate using activated carbon was conducted to evaluate the impact of inhibitor removal and fermentation. Xylose hydrolysis yields as high as 18.4% were demonstrated at the highest severity hydrolysis condition. Detoxification using active carbon was effective for removal of both phenolics (76-81%) and HMF (38-52%). Batch fermentation of the hydrolyzate and semi-defined P2 media resulted in a total solvent yield of 0.12-0.13 g/g and 0.34 g/g, corresponding to a butanol concentration of 1.8-2.1 g/L and 7.3 g/L respectively. This work is the first study of a process for the production of a biologically-derived biofuel from hemicelluloses solubilized during Kraft pulping and demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing xylan recovered directly from industrial Kraft pulping liquors as a feedstock for biological production of biofuels such as butanol.
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| 2. |
- Bamia, C., et al.
(författare)
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Fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma in a multi-centre, European cohort study
- 2015
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 112:7, s. 1273-1282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Vegetable and/or fruit intakes in association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk have been investigated in case-control studies conducted in specific European countries and cohort studies conducted in Asia, with inconclusive results. No multi-centre European cohort has investigated the indicated associations. Methods: In 486 799 men/women from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition, we identified 201 HCC cases after 11 years median follow-up. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for HCC incidence for sex-specific quintiles and per 100 g d(-1) increments of vegetable/fruit intakes. Results: Higher vegetable intake was associated with a statistically significant, monotonic reduction of HCC risk: HR (100 g d(-1) increment): 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71-0.98. This association was consistent in sensitivity analyses with no apparent heterogeneity across strata of HCC risk factors. Fruit intake was not associated with HCC incidence: HR (100 g d(-1) increment): 1.01; 95% CI: 0.92-1.11. Conclusions: Vegetable, but not fruit, intake is associated with lower HCC risk with no evidence for heterogeneity of this association in strata of important HCC risk factors. Mechanistic studies should clarify pathways underlying this association. Given that HCC prognosis is poor and that vegetables are practically universally accessible, our results may be important, especially for those at high risk for the disease.
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| 3. |
- Bejerholm, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Rasch Analysis of the Profiles of Occupational Engagement in people with Severe mental illness (POES) instrument
- 2015
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Ingår i: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-7525. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The Profiles of Occupational Engagement in people with Severe mental illness (POES) instrument was developed to study time use profiles of occupations and measure the extent they are characterized by engagement. However, the dimensional factors are not known. The aim of the present study was to establish the internal construct validity of the POES using the Rasch measurement model. Methods: A sample of 192 outpatients in Sweden was administered the POES and data were subjected to Rasch analysis. Results: The POES showed good fit to the Rasch model after accommodation for local dependency. The nine items had high reliability as measured by person separation index, and no threshold disordering was present. Differential item functioning analysis showed no significant differences across groups of age, sex, diagnosis, or country of origin. Conclusion: The POES is a unidimensional scale that represents a continuum of occupational engagement. The transformed POES sum score can be used on an interval scale to measure status and changes in occupational engagement in mental health practice and research.
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| 4. |
- Björkdahl, Ann, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Which is the Best Way to Assess and Follow-Up Fitness to Drive after Stroke?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation - International. - 2471-0377. ; 2:6, s. 1054-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To explore the feasibility to make on-road assessments routinely at 3 months follow-up for all patients with a 3 months verbal prohibition of driving after stroke, to support the physicians decision of fitness to drive.Methods: From September 2007 to December 2009 there were 151 stroke patients from the stroke units at the hospital eligible for inclusion in the study. Fifty agreed to be assessed by the Nordic Stroke Driver Screening Assessment (NorSDSA) and on-road assessment. As base for discussion about the consequences on resource use relative to accuracy, calculations were made to explore and compare an expected yearly cost for two different assessment conditions, the NorSDSA followed by on-road assessment in uncertain cases and on-road assessment for all cases.Findings: The yearly need for driving assessments was estimated to 500 patients. With less accuracy than only on-road assessments the NorSDSA with the stipulated cut-off produced a cost benefit of 1,700 €. The NorSDSA resulted in 32% uncertain cases and the certain cases were in 17% in disagreement with the on-road assessment, the gold standard.Conclusion: It is conceivable and could be recommended to make on-road assessments for all patients with stroke at 3 months follow-up as accuracy is of importance both for patients and society and may save resources in the long run.
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| 5. |
- Bonturi, Nemailla, et al.
(författare)
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Single Cell Oil Producing Yeasts Lipomyces starkeyi and Rhodosporidium toruloides : Selection of Extraction Strategies and Biodiesel Property Prediction
- 2015
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 8:6, s. 5040-5052
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single cell oils (SCOs) are considered potential raw material for the production of biodiesel. Rhodosporidium sp. and Lipomyces sp. are good candidates for SCO production. Lipid extractability differs according to yeast species and literature on the most suitable method for each oleaginous yeast species is scarce. This work aimed to investigate the efficiency of the most cited strategies for extracting lipids from intact and pretreated cells of Rhodosporidium toruloides and Lipomyces starkeyi. Lipid extractions were conducted using hexane or combinations of chloroform and methanol. The Folch method resulted in the highest lipid yields for both yeasts (42% for R. toruloides and 48% for L. starkeyi). Also, this method eliminates the cell pretreatment step. The Bligh and Dyer method underestimated the lipid content in the tested strains (25% for R. toruloides and 34% for L. starkeyi). Lipid extractability increased after acid pretreatment for the Pedersen, hexane, and Bligh and Dyer methods. For R. toruloides unexpected fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) composition were found for some lipid extraction strategies tested. Therefore, this work provides useful information for analytical and process development aiming at biodiesel production from the SCO of these two yeast species.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hedman, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Life memories and the ability to act : the meaning of autonomy and participation for older people when living with chronic illness
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 29:4, s. 824-833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a lack of knowledge about how older people living with chronic illness describe the meaning of autonomy and participation, indicating a risk for reduced autonomy and participation in their everyday life. The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of autonomy and participation among older people living with chronic illness in accordance with their lived experience. The design was descriptive with a phenomenological approach guided by Giorgi's descriptive phenomenological psychological method. Purposive sampling was used, and 16 older people living with chronic illness who lived in an ordinary home participated in individual interviews. The findings showed that the meaning of autonomy and participation among the older people emerged when it was challenged and evoked emotional considerations of the lived experience of having a chronic illness. It involved living a life apart, yet still being someone who is able, trustworthy and given responsibility – still being seen and acknowledged. The meaning of autonomy and participation was derived through life memories and used by the older people in everyday life for adjustment or adaption to the present life and the future. Our conclusion is that autonomy and participation were considered in relation to older people's life memories in the past, in their present situation and also their future wishes. Ability or disability is of less importance than the meaning of everyday life among older people. We suggest using fewer labels for limitations in everyday life when caring for older people and more use of the phrase ‘ability to act’ in different ways, based on older people's descriptions of the meaning of autonomy and participation.
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| 8. |
- Keshavarzi, Neda, et al.
(författare)
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Nanocellulose-Zeolite Composite Films for Odor Elimination
- 2015
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 7:26, s. 14254-14262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents have been colloidally processed. Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations showed that commercially available silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 have a high affinity and uptake of volatile odors like ethanethiol and propanethiol, also in the presence of water. The simulations showed that propanethiol has a higher affinity, up to 16%, to the two zeolites compared with ethanethiol. Highly flexible and strong free-standing zeolite CNF films with an adsorbent loading of 89 w/w% have been produced by Ca-induced gelation and vacuum filtration. The CNF-network controls the strength of the composite films and 100 mu m thick zeolite CNF films with a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa. Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films could enable improved transport and storage of fruits and vegetables rich in odors, for example, onion and the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lagerlöf Nilsson, Ulrika, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Vid hans sida – en introduktion
- 2015
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Ingår i: Vid hans sida. Svenska prästfruar under 250 år – ideal och verklighet / redaktörer: Ulrika Lagerlöf Nilsson & Birgitta Meurling. - Skellefteå : Artos. - 9789175807690 ; , s. 7-12
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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