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| 2. |
- Malmqvist, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Selecting problem-related environmental indicators for housing management
- 2006
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Ingår i: Building Research & Information. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0961-3218 .- 1466-4321. ; 34:4, s. 321-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of environmental management systems is difficult to evaluate due to insufficient methods for measuring their environmental impacts. A procedure is proposed that contains more environmentally relevant indicators for assessing environmental impacts. In addition, theoretical and practical criteria are suggested for evaluating the relevance of different indicators. This scheme was applied to the housing-management sector with the aim of finding more problem-related indicators. Data from three existing Swedish housing estates were collected and indicators calculated for three environmental aspects: energy use, household waste treatment and embedded toxic substances/materials. The results show that problem-related environmental indicators can be used in the housing sector to measure energy consumption and, to a certain extent, household waste treatment. Finding indicators for embedded toxic substances was found to be more problematic, but an example for further discussion is presented.
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| 3. |
- Otto, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Roadmap and standard operating procedures for biobanking and discovery of neurochemical markers in ALS
- 2012
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Ingår i: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and other Motor Neuron Disorders. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-0822 .- 1743-4483. ; 13:1, s. 1-10
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite major advances in deciphering the neuropathological hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), validated neurochemical biomarkers for monitoring disease activity, earlier diagnosis, defining prognosis and unlocking key pathophysiological pathways are lacking. Although several candidate biomarkers exist, translation into clinical application is hindered by small sample numbers, especially longitudinal, for independent verification. This review considers the potential routes to the discovery of neurochemical markers in ALS, and provides a consensus statement on standard operating procedures that will facilitate multicenter collaboration, validation and ultimately clinical translation.
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| 4. |
- Agrell, Erik, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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On the Best Lattice Quantizers
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. - 0018-9448 .- 1557-9654. ; 69:12, s. 7650-7658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A lattice quantizer approximates an arbitrary real-valued source vector with a vector taken from a specific discrete lattice. The quantization error is the difference between the source vector and the lattice vector. In a classic 1996 paper, Zamir and Feder show that the globally optimal lattice quantizer (which minimizes the mean square error) has white quantization error: for a uniformly distributed source, the covariance of the error is the identity matrix, multiplied by a positive real factor. We generalize the theorem, showing that the same property holds (i) for any lattice whose mean square error cannot be decreased by a small perturbation of the generator matrix, and (ii) for an optimal product of lattices that are themselves locally optimal in the sense of (i). We derive an upper bound on the normalized second moment (NSM) of the optimal lattice in any dimension, by proving that any lower- or upper-triangular modification to the generator matrix of a product lattice reduces the NSM. Using these tools and employing the best currently known lattice quantizers to build product lattices, we construct improved lattice quantizers in dimensions 13 to 15, 17 to 23, and 25 to 48. In some dimensions, these are the first reported lattices with normalized second moments below the best known upper bound.
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| 5. |
- Agrell, Erik, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Signal Shaping for BICM at Low SNR
- 2013
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. - 0018-9448 .- 1557-9654. ; 59:4, s. 2396-2410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The generalized mutual information (GMI) of bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) systems, sometimes called the BICM capacity, is investigated at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The combinations of input alphabet, input distribution, and binary labeling that achieve the Shannon limit are completely characterized. The main conclusion is that a BICM system with probabilistic shaping achieves the Shannon limit at low SNR if and only if it can be represented as a zero-mean linear projection of a hypercube. Hence, probabilistic shaping offers no extra degrees of freedom to optimize the low-SNR BICM-GMI, in addition to what is provided by geometrical shaping. The analytical conclusions are confirmed by numerical results, which also show that for a fixed input alphabet, probabilistic shaping can improve the BICM-GMI in the low and medium SNR range.
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| 10. |
- Brunsson, Nils, 1946-
(författare)
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The Necessary Hypocrisy
- 1993
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Ingår i: The International Executive. ; 35(1):1-9 (Jan-Feb)
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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