| 1. |
- Pfaller, M.A., et al.
(författare)
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Twelve years of fluconazole in clinical practice : Global-trends in species distribution and fluconazole susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of Candida
- 2004
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Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 10:SUPPL. 1, s. 11-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We determined the species distribution and in-vitro susceptibility of 6082 bloodstream infection (BSI) isolates of Candida spp. collected from 250 medical centres in 32 nations over a 10-year period from 1992 through 2001. The species included 3401 C. albicans, 984 C. glabrata, 796 C. parapsilosis, 585 C. tropicalis, 153 C. krusei, 67 C. lusitaniae, 48 C. guilliermondii, 10 C. famata, 10 C. kefyr, six C. pelliculosa, five C. rugosa, four C. lipolytica, three C. dubliniensis, three C. inconspicua, two C. sake and one isolate each of C. lambica, C. norvegensis and C. zeylanoides. Minimum inhibitory concentration determinations were made using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards reference broth microdilution method. Variation in the rank order and frequency of the different species of Candida was observed over time and by geographic area. The proportion of BSI due to C. albicans and C. glabrata increased and C. parapsilosis decreased over time in Canada, the USA and Europe. C. glabrata was an infrequent cause of BSI in Latin America and the Asia-Pacific region. Very little variation in fluconazole susceptibility was observed among isolates of C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. These species accounted for 78% of all BSI and remained highly susceptible (91-100% susceptible) to fluconazole from 1992 to 2001 irrespective of geographic origin. The prevalence of fluconazole resistance among C. glabrata isolates was variable both over time and among the various countries and regions. Resistance to fluconazole among C. glabrata isolates was greatest in the USA and varied by US census region (range 0-23%). These observations are generally encouraging relative to the sustained usefulness of fluconazole as a systemically active antifungal agent for the treatment of candida BSI. © 2004 Copyright by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
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| 2. |
- Muraro, A., et al.
(författare)
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Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small children. Part II : Evaluation of methods in allergy prevention studies and sensitization markers. Definitions and diagnostic criteria of allergic diseases
- 2004
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Ingår i: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 15:3, s. 196-205
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of primary prevention of allergic diseases has been a matter of debate for the last 40 years. In order to shed some light into this issue a group of experts of the Section of Pediatrics EAACI critically reviewed the existing literature on the subject. The design of observational and interventional studies was evaluated with relevance to the important factors influencing outcome of studies on allergy development/prevention. In this analysis the statements of evidence as defined by WHO were applied. Best evidence of recommendations are those fulfilling the criteria for statements category 1 and 2 and grade of recommendations A and B as proposed by WHO. This survey include target group for dietary prevention and methods and diagnostic criteria of atopic dermatitis, asthma and food allergy for prevention studies.
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| 3. |
- Muraro, A., et al.
(författare)
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Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small children. Part III : Critical review of published peer-reviewed observational and interventional studies and final recommendations
- 2004
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Ingår i: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 15:4, s. 291-307
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of primary prevention of allergic diseases has been a matter of debate for the last 40 years. In order to shed some light on this issue, a group of experts of the Section of Pediatrics EAACI reviewed critically the existing literature on the subject. An analysis of published peer-reviewed observational and interventional studies was performed following the statements of evidence as defined by WHO. The results of the analysis indicate that breastfeeding is highly recommended for all infants irrespective of atopic heredity. A dietary regimen is unequivocally effective in the prevention of allergic diseases in high-risk children. In these patients breastfeeding combined with avoidance of solid food and cow's milk for at least 4-6 months is the most effective preventive regimen. In the absence of breast milk, formulas with documented reduced allergenicity for at least 4-6 months should be used.
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| 4. |
- Murarol, A., et al.
(författare)
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Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small children : Part I
- 2004
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Ingår i: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 15:2, s. 103-111
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of primary prevention of allergic diseases has been a matter of debate for the last 40 years. In order to shed some light into this issue, a group of experts of the Section of Pediatrics EAACI critically reviewed the existing literature on the subject. In this paper, the immunology of the fetus and newborn is reviewed as well as the post-natal development of the immune system. The influence of post-natal environment and breastfeeding on tolerance induction and sensitization are examined. Allergic diseases result from a strong relationship between genetic and environmental factors. Sensitization to food allergens occurs in the first year of life and cow's milk allergy is the first food allergy to appear in the susceptible infants. Hypoallergenicity of food formulas to be used is a critical issue both for treatment of cow's milk-allergic children and for prevention. Methods to document hypoallergenicity are discussed and evaluated in the preclinical and clinical steps.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Simancas, J.F., et al.
(författare)
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The seismic crustal structure of the Ossa-Morena Zone and its geological interpretation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Iberian Geology. - 1698-6180 .- 1886-7995. ; 30, s. 133-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IBERSEIS deep reflection seismic experiment has provided a crustal image of the Variscan orogen of southwest Iberia. A brief presentation of the entire seismic profile is given, and then the Ossa-Morena Zone (OMZ) and its boundaries are considered. The crust of the OMZ is shown to be divided into an upper crust, characterized by dominantly NE-dipping reflectivity, and a poorly reflective lower crust. The reflectivity of the upper crust has good correlation with the geological cross-section constructed from surface mapping. In the seismic image, the upper crustal geological structures are seen to merge in the middle crust. Nevertheless, the OMZ middle crust is not a mere detachment level, as it shows very unusual features: it appears as a band of strong reflectivity and irregular thickness (the Iberian Reflective Body, IRB) that we interpret as a great sill-like intrusion of basic rocks. The boundaries of the OMZ are considered sutures of the orogen, and their geometrical features, as deduced from geological mapping and the seismic image, are in accordance with the transpressional character of the Variscan collision recorded in SW Iberia. The present Moho is flat, obliterating the root of the orogen.
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| 7. |
- Morvan, E, et al.
(författare)
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Damage reduction in channeled ion implanted 6H-SiC
- 2000
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Ingår i: SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2. ; , s. 893-896
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We compare damage effects of “random” (off-axis) and [0001] aligned implants of 1.5 MeV Al into 6H-SiC. Both channeled and random equivalent SIMS profiles have been used to adjust model parameters of the simulator. Depth resolved Raman measurements show that at ion doses below similar to 5x10(14) cm(-2), the integral damage is reduced by a factor of similar to2.5 for the channeled implant. This confirms the corresponding reduction of defect concentrations predicted by simulations.
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| 8. |
- Simancas, J. F., et al.
(författare)
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Crustal structure of the transpressional Variscan orogen of SW Iberia : SW Iberia deep seismic reflection profile (IBERSEIS)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Tectonics. - : AGU. - 0278-7407 .- 1944-9194. ; 22, s. 1062-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IBERSEIS, a 303 km long (20 s) deep seismic reflection profile, was acquired across the Variscan belt in SW Iberian Peninsula. The acquisition parameters were designed to obtain a high-resolution crustal-scale image of this orogen. The seismic profile samples three major tectonic terranes: the South Portuguese Zone, the Ossa-Morena Zone, and the Central Iberian Zone, which were accreted in Late Paleozoic times. These terranes show a distinctive seismic signature, as do the sutures separating them. Late strike-slip movements through crustal wedges are apparent in the seismic image and have strongly modified the geometry of sutures. The upper crust appears to be decoupled from the lower crust all along the seismic line, but some deformation has been accommodated at deeper levels. A sill-like structure is imaged in the middle crust as a 1–2 s thick and 175 km long high-amplitude conspicuous reflective band. It is interpreted as a great intrusion of mafic magma in a midcrustal decollement. Taking into account surface geological data and the revealed crustal architecture, a tectonic evolution is proposed for SW Iberia which includes transpressional collision interacting during Early Carboniferous with a mantle plume. The Moho can be identified along the entire transect as subhorizontal and located at 10 to 11 s, indicating a 30–35 km average crustal thickness. Its seismic signature changes laterally, being very reflective beneath the South Portuguese Zone and the Central Iberian Zone, but discontinuous and diffuse below the Ossa Morena Zone.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Escudero-Pascual, A., et al.
(författare)
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Privacy for location data in mobile networks, a summary
- 2003
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- EU Directive 2002/58/EC has introduced, by means of Art. 9, special protection for location data other than traffic data. In this paper, we argue that also location data within traffic data can contain sensitive information about the relative positioning and co-located displacements of mobile nodes and thus alsorequires special protection.Brief discussions are given to how mobility is supported in IP networks, to the level of privacy protection for location data that was introduced in the new European Union data protection directive, and to means of protecting privacy by technology. The concept of \textit{co-located displacements inMobileIP} is introduced and we show how the home agent will be able to determine whether or not a set of mobile nodes move in a co-located fashion.Finally we present how, also for location information within traffic data, privacy-enhancing technologies can be used to provide the level of privacy protection that is required by Art. 9 of the EU Directive 2002/58/EC for location data other than traffic data.
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