| 1. |
- Bluhm, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics of critical fluctuations : Theory - phenomenology - heavy-ion collisions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - : ELSEVIER. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 1003
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report summarizes the presentations and discussions during the Rapid Reaction Task Force "Dynamics of critical fluctuations: Theory - phenomenology - heavy-ion collisions", which was organized by the ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and held at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany in April 2019. We address the current understanding of the dynamics of critical fluctuations in QCD and their measurement in heavy-ion collision experiments. In addition, we outline what might be learned from studying correlations in other physical systems, such as cold atomic gases.
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| 2. |
- Gaytán, Álvaro, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in the foliar fungal community between oak leaf flushes along a latitudinal gradient in Europe
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 0305-0270 .- 1365-2699. ; 49:12, s. 2269-2280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Leaves support a large diversity of fungi, which are known to cause plant diseases, induce plant defences or influence leaf senescence and decomposition. To advance our understanding of how foliar fungal communities are structured and assembled, we assessed to what extent leaf flush and latitude can explain the within- and among-tree variation in foliar fungal communities.Location: A latitudinal gradient spanning c. 20 degrees in latitude in Europe.Taxa: The foliar fungal community associated with a foundation tree species, the pedunculate oak Quercus robur.Methods: We examined the main and interactive effects of leaf flush and latitude on the foliar fungal community by sampling 20 populations of the pedunculate oak Quercus robur across the tree's range. We used the ITS region as a target for characterization of fungal communities using DNA metabarcoding.Results: Species composition, but not species richness, differed between leaf flushes. Across the latitudinal gradient, species richness was highest in the central part of the oak's distributional range, and foliar fungal community composition shifted along the latitudinal gradient. Among fungal guilds, the relative abundance of plant pathogens and mycoparasites was lower on the first leaf flush, and the relative abundance of plant pathogens and saprotrophs decreased with latitude.Conclusions: Changes in community composition between leaf flushes and along the latitudinal gradient were mostly a result of species turnover. Overall, our findings demonstrate that leaf flush and latitude explain 5%–22% of the small- and large-scale spatial variation in the foliar fungal community on a foundation tree within the temperate region. Using space-for-time substitution, we expect that foliar fungal community structure will change with climate warming, with an increase in the abundance of plant pathogens and mycoparasites at higher latitudes, with major consequences for plant health, species interactions and ecosystem dynamics.
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| 3. |
- Koczkowska, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Personalized health risk assessment based on single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of a male with 45, X/48, XYYY karyotype
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numeric sex chromosome abnormalities are commonly associated with an increased cancer risk. Here, we report a 14-year-old boy with a rare mosaic 45, X/48, XYYY karyotype presenting with subtle dysmorphic features and relative height deficiency, requiring growth hormone therapy. As only 12 postnatal cases have been described so far with very limited follow-up data, to assess the proband's long-term prognosis, including cancer risk, we performed high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis. Although comprehensive cytogenetic analysis showed seemingly near perfect balance between 45, X and 48, XYYY cell populations, scRNA-seq revealed widespread differences in genotype distribution among immune cell fractions, specifically in monocytes, B- and T-cells. These results were confirmed at DNA level by digital-droplet PCR on flow-sorted immune cell types. Furthermore, deregulation of predominantly autosomal genes was observed, including TCL1A overexpression in 45, X B-lymphocytes and other known genes associated with hematological malignancies. Together with the standard hematological results, showing increased fractions of monocytes and CD4+/CD8+T lymphocytes ratio, long-term personalized hemato-oncological surveillance was recommended in the reported patient.
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| 4. |
- O'Brien, Phoebe A. J., 1995, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the environmental quality of a historically-polluted fjord: a comparison of benthic foraminiferal eDNA and morphospecies proxy approaches
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Congress FORAMS2023, Perugia, Italy, 25-30th June, 2023. - : Micropress Europe & The Grzybowski Foundation.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transitional environments present a unique challenge to Ecosystem Quality Status (EcoQS) assessment due to highly heterogenous conditions within the system, resulting in the “estuarine quality paradox”. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages provide high resolution environmental proxy records of the interaction between abiotic and biotic parameters in aqueous ecosystems. Fjords particularly have complex seabed topography which limits bottom water exchange and can result in hypoxia, and Idefjord on the Swedish Norwegian boarder is no exception. Although this oxygen decline is a natural occurrence which impairs fjord’s EcoQS, these ‘naturally stressed conditions’ complicate the definition of in-situ reference conditions if the system becomes subject to anthropogenic impact. At Idefjord the prolonged dumping of waste products from the paper and pulp manufacturing and bleaching industry, situated at the city of Halden, into the river Tista which feeds the fjord system, has led to a build-up of organic matter, sewage effluent and pollutant accumulation in the sediments. This study is the first assessment of foraminiferal diversity using sedimentary eDNA from one of the most polluted and anoxic fjords in Scandinavia, comparing the assemblage response reported by morphology-based and molecular ecosystem assessment techniques. Although index thresholds and genetic data processing decisions influence the EcoQS assessment category determined by each technique, both datasets report congruous responses in the benthic foraminiferal assemblages to pollution and environmental stress factors. Genetic methods tend to overestimate EcoQS at highly anoxic sites probably due to a presence of dormant propagules or extraorganismal DNA and suggesting that morphological methods are more suited to assessment in such conditions.
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