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- Glendor, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of traumatic tooth injuries in children and adolescents in the county of Vastmanland, Sweden
- 1996
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 20:1-2, s. 15-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study reports the total incidence as well as the incidence of different types of traumatic tooth injuries in a Swedish county in the age interval 0-19 years during 1989/90. The incidence of individuals experiencing tooth injuries was 13 per 1000 per year. Boys were more frequently injured in the age-groups 3-4 years and 7-9 years and girls, in the age-group 5-6 years. A method is presented defining uncomplicated and complicated tooth injuries as a basis for estimating the economic consequences of these injuries in the community. Boys more often suffered uncomplicated injuries to permanent teeth and girls, to primary teeth (p < 0.05). The same distribution was found for uncomplicated multiple tooth injuries. Boys sustained more uncomplicated hard tissue injuries and girls, more uncomplicated luxation injuries (p < 0.01). Using a classification according to the most serious tooth injury in each episode, 33% of the episodes had resulted in complicated injuries in which the pulpal tissue and/or periodontal membrane was severely damaged.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Hans-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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An Investigation of the blocking characteristics of the Permeable Base Transistor
- 1998
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Ingår i: Solid-State Electronics. - 0038-1101 .- 1879-2405. ; 42:3, s. 297-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A numerical study of the blocking characteristics of the Permeable Base Transistor (PBT) is presented. The PBT is regarded as a promising transistor structure for high voltage and high frequency applications. Numerical studies of the PBT were focused on the high frequency figure of merits or the breakdown characteristics of the Schottky gate. A device designed for high frequency and high voltage switching should be optimized for large blocking and fast switching. The trade off between blocking and speed is a complicated matter which depends strongly on the geometry and doping level. In this work we studied the blocking characteristics for a Silicon PBT with regard to the doping level and doping profile, gate thickness and gate to drain distance. A scaling formalism was developed in order to estimate the transistor performance for a wide range of doping levels and geometrical combinations. A design example is presented of a normally off transistor that can block a drain to source voltage of 10 V while the unity current gain frequency fT value for Vgs = 0.2 V is higher than 7 GHz.
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| 6. |
- Petersson, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Different patterns in immunoreactive anionic and cationic trypsinogen in urine and serum in human acute pancreatitis
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pancreatology. - 0169-4197. ; 25:3, s. 165-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis (AP) results in elevated concentrations of trypsinogen (T) isoenzymes in serum. Immunoreactive anionic trypsinogen in urin (irAT/u) is elevated in AP, and has recently been proposed as a rapid diagnostic instrument and severity predictor. These results have not been confirmed by other groups, and irAT/u has not been further characterized. The concentration of immunoreactive cationic trypsinogen in urine (irCT/u) and the serum irAT/irCT ratio in AP have not been extensively examined. METHODS: Levels of irAT and irCT were studied in urine and serum from 50 AP patients and in urine from 41 non-AP patients. Severity was assessed according to the Atlanta classification. irAT/u was characterized by gel filtration. RESULTS: Gel filtration revealed only AT in the urine. Highly significant differences in irAT/u were seen between AP/non-AP (p < 0.0001) and mild/severe disease (p = 0.0012). The irAT/irCT ratio in serum changed from normal 0.8 to 1.3 in AP. CONCLUSIONS: IrAT and only traces of irCT were found in the urine in AP. IrAT/u was higher in AP than in other acute abdominal disorders (non-AP) and also higher in severe than in mild AP. IrAT in serum (irAT/s) increased proportionally more than irCT/s in AP, but did not discriminate mild from severe forms. High levels of irAT/u in some non-AP cases and a wide range in AP cases make the clinical value of the test questionable.
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