| 1. |
- Olsson, Bob, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
CSF and blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. Neurology. - 1474-4465. ; 15:7, s. 673-684
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease biomarkers are important for early diagnosis in routine clinical practice and research. Three core CSF biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (Aβ42, T-tau, and P-tau) have been assessed in numerous studies, and several other Alzheimer's disease markers are emerging in the literature. However, there have been no comprehensive meta-analyses of their diagnostic performance. We systematically reviewed the literature for 15 biomarkers in both CSF and blood to assess which of these were most altered in Alzheimer's disease.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Wang, HD, et al.
(författare)
-
Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Lancet (London, England). - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 388:10053, s. 1725-1774
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 6. |
- Ajayi, IkeOluwapo O, et al.
(författare)
-
Feasibility of Malaria Diagnosis and Management in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Uganda: A Community-Based Observational Study.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6591. ; 63:suppl 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malaria-endemic countries are encouraged to increase, expedite, and standardize care based on parasite diagnosis and treat confirmed malaria using oral artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) or rectal artesunate plus referral when patients are unable to take oral medication.In 172 villages in 3 African countries, trained community health workers (CHWs) assessed and diagnosed children aged between 6 months and 6 years using rapid histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2)-based diagnostic tests (RDTs). Patients coming for care who could take oral medication were treated with ACTs, and those who could not were treated with rectal artesunate and referred to hospital. The full combined intervention package lasted 12 months. Changes in access and speed of care and clinical course were determined through 1746 random household interviews before and 3199 during the intervention.A total of 15 932 children were assessed: 6394 in Burkina Faso, 2148 in Nigeria, and 7390 in Uganda. Most children assessed (97.3% [15 495/15 932]) were febrile and most febrile cases (82.1% [12 725/15 495]) tested were RDT positive. Almost half of afebrile episodes (47.6% [204/429]) were RDT positive. Children eligible for rectal artesunate contributed 1.1% of episodes. The odds of using CHWs as the first point of care doubled (odds ratio [OR], 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-2.4; P < .0001). RDT use changed from 3.2% to 72.9% (OR, 80.8; 95% CI, 51.2-127.3; P < .0001). The mean duration of uncomplicated episodes reduced from 3.69 ± 2.06 days to 3.47 ± 1.61 days, Degrees of freedom (df) = 2960, Student's t (t) = 3.2 (P = .0014), and mean duration of severe episodes reduced from 4.24 ± 2.26 days to 3.7 ± 1.57 days, df = 749, t = 3.8, P = .0001. There was a reduction in children with danger signs from 24.7% before to 18.1% during the intervention (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, .59-.78; P < .0001).Provision of diagnosis and treatment via trained CHWs increases access to diagnosis and treatment, shortens clinical episode duration, and reduces the number of severe cases. This approach, recommended by the World Health Organization, improves malaria case management.ISRCTN13858170.
|
|
| 7. |
- André Kramer, Ann-Catrin André, et al.
(författare)
-
Demographic factors and dental health of Swedish children and adolescents
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 74:3, s. 178-85
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dental health of Swedish children and adolescents with reference to age, gender and residence.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Electronic dental records from 300,988 3-19-year-olds in one Swedish region were derived in a cross-sectional study in years 2007-2009. The DMFT system was used. Age was categorized into 3-6/7-9/10-12/13-15/16-17/18-19-year-olds and residence into 'metropolitan', 'urban' and 'rural' areas. ANOVA, generalized linear regression models and Fisher's exact test were used.RESULTS: Among 7-9-year-old children, nine out of 10 were free from fillings and manifest caries, while for 18-19-year-olds; this proportion was one third. Girls (18-19-year-olds) had a significantly lower risk of caries compared to boys of the same age, RR for the DT index = 0.83 (95% CI = 0.81-0.85). This pattern was reversed in 7-12-year-old children. Children and adolescents in metropolitan and urban areas had significantly more caries than subjects in rural areas, for instance the RR for the DT index in metropolitan 7-9-year-olds was 2.26 (95% CI = 2.11-2.42) compared to their rural counterparts.CONCLUSIONS: In the permanent dentition, the overall pattern revealed that girls ≤ 12 years had a higher risk of caries, while adolescent girls had a lower risk of caries, both compared with boys of corresponding ages. Living in an urban or metropolitan area entailed a higher risk of caries than living in a rural area. A greater occurrence of dental caries in adolescents than in children was confirmed. The findings should have implications for planning and evaluation of oral health promotion and disease prevention activities.
|
|
| 8. |
- Barywani, Salim B., 1968, et al.
(författare)
-
Octogenarians died mainly of cardiovascular diseases five years after acute coronary syndrome.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian cardiovascular journal : SCJ. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2006 .- 1401-7431. ; 50:5-6, s. 300-304
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A substantial part of deaths and readmissions in octogenarians with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is assumed to be of non-cardiovascular causes. However, limited data on cause-specific long-term mortality and hospital readmissions are available. This study was aimed to investigate 5-year cause-specific deaths and re-hospitalizations as well as their prognostic predictors among octogenarians with ACS managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).A total of 181 octogenarians managed with PCI on ACS indication during 2006-2007 at Sahlgrenska University Hospital were included. The time-period was chosen to allow a follow-up period of five years.All-cause 5-year mortality was 46%. Approximately 70% of deaths were cardiovascular. All-cause hospital readmissions were 71%. The majority of readmissions were due to non-cardiovascular diseases, 61% of all readmissions. Cox proportional-hazard regression analyses for cardiovascular mortality identified female sex and culprit lesion in left coronary arteries as independent predictors. Negative binomial regression models showed female sex and complications during index hospitalization as independent predictors of increased cardiovascular re-hospitalizations and prior smoking as independent predictor of increased non-cardiovascular re-hospitalizations.In an octogenarian cohort presented with ACS treated with PCI, cardiovascular diseases were the main causes of deaths, whereas non-cardiovascular diseases were the main causes of re-hospitalizations.
|
|
| 9. |
- Bowman, L. R., et al.
(författare)
-
Alarm Variables for Dengue Outbreaks: A Multi-Centre Study in Asia and Latin America
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Worldwide, dengue is an unrelenting economic and health burden. Dengue outbreaks have become increasingly common, which place great strain on health infrastructure and services. Early warning models could allow health systems and vector control programmes to respond more cost-effectively and efficiently. The Shewhart method and Endemic Channel were used to identify alarm variables that may predict dengue outbreaks. Five country datasets were compiled by epidemiological week over the years 2007-2013. These data were split between the years 2007-2011 (historic period) and 2012-2013 (evaluation period). Associations between alarm/outbreak variables were analysed using logistic regression during the historic period while alarm and outbreak signals were captured during the evaluation period. These signals were combined to form alarm/outbreak periods, where 2 signals were equal to 1 period. Alarm periods were quantified and used to predict subsequent outbreak periods. Across Mexico and Dominican Republic, an increase in probable cases predicted outbreaks of hospitalised cases with sensitivities and positive predictive values (PPV) of 93%/83% and 97%/86% respectively, at a lag of 1-12 weeks. An increase in mean temperature ably predicted outbreaks of hospitalised cases in Mexico and Brazil, with sensitivities and PPVs of 79%/73% and 81%/46% respectively, also at a lag of 1-12 weeks. Mean age was predictive of hospitalised cases at sensitivities and PPVs of 72%/74% and 96%/45% in Mexico and Malaysia respectively, at a lag of 4-16 weeks. An increase in probable cases was predictive of outbreaks, while meteorological variables, particularly mean temperature, demonstrated predictive potential in some countries, but not all. While it is difficult to define uniform variables applicable in every country context, the use of probable cases and meteorological variables in tailored early warning systems could be used to highlight the occurrence of dengue outbreaks or indicate increased risk of dengue transmission.
|
|
| 10. |
- Brännström, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
-
Effectiveness of the Liverpool care pathway for the dying in residential care homes: An exploratory, controlled before-and-after study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Palliative Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-2163 .- 1477-030X. ; 30:1, s. 54-63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Clinical pathways aim to ensure that individuals receive appropriate evidence-based care and interventions, with the Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient focusing on end of life. However, controlled studies of the Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient, particularly outside of cancer settings, are lacking. Aim: To compare the effects of the Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient and usual care on patients' symptom distress and well-being during the last days of life, in residential care homes. Design: Exploratory, controlled before-and-after study. During a 15-month baseline, usual care was carried out in two areas. During the following 15-months, usual care continued in the control area, while residential care home staff implemented Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient use in the intervention area. The intervention was evaluated by family members completing retrospective symptom assessments after the patient's death, using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System and Views of Informal Carers - Evaluation of Services. Settings/participants: Patients who died at all 19 residential care homes in one municipality in Sweden. Results: Shortness of breath (estimate=-2.46; 95% confidence interval=-4.43 to -0.49) and nausea (estimate=-1.83; 95% confidence interval=-3.12 to -0.54) were significantly reduced in Edmonton Symptom Assessment System in patients in the intervention compared to the control area. A statistically significant improvement in shortness of breath was also found on the Views of Informal Carers - Evaluation of Services item (estimate=-0.47; 95% confidence interval=-0.85 to -0.08). Conclusion: When implemented with adequate staff training and support, the Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient may be a useful tool for providing end-of-life care of elderly people at the end of life in non-cancer settings.
|
|
