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| 2. |
- Hidalgo, A, et al.
(författare)
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Neutrophil extracellular traps: from physiology to pathology
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1755-3245 .- 0008-6363. ; 118:13, s. 2737-2753
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the frontline of the host defence response, neutrophil antimicrobial functions have adapted to combat infections and injuries of different origins and magnitude. The release of web-like DNA structures named neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) constitutes an important mechanism by which neutrophils prevent pathogen dissemination or deal with microorganisms of a bigger size. At the same time, nuclear and granule proteins with microbicidal activity bind to these DNA structures promoting the elimination of entrapped pathogens. However, these toxic properties may produce unwanted effects in the host, when neutrophils uncontrollably release NETs upon persistent inflammation. As a consequence, NET accumulation can produce vessel occlusion, tissue damage, and prolonged inflammation associated with the progression and exacerbation of multiple pathologic conditions. This review outlines recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of NET release and functions in sterile disease. We also discuss mechanisms of physiological regulation and the importance of neutrophil heterogeneity in NET formation and composition.
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| 3. |
- Kamranvar, Siamak A., et al.
(författare)
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Integrin-Mediated Adhesion Promotes Centrosome Separation in Early Mitosis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4409. ; 11:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix is a key regulator of the cell cycle, as demonstrated for the passage of the G1/S checkpoint and the completion of cytokinetic abscission. Here, integrin-dependent regulation of the cell cycle in G2 and early M phases was investigated. The progression through the G2 and M phases was monitored by live-cell imaging and immunofluorescence staining in adherent and non-adherent fibroblast cells. Non-adherent cells, as well as adherent cells lacking FAK activity due to suppressed expression or pharmacological inhibition, exhibited a prolonged G2 phase and severely defect centrosome separation, resulting in delayed progress through the early mitotic stages. The activation of the critical mitotic regulator PLK1 and its indirect target Eg5, a kinesin-family motor protein driving the centrosome separation, were reduced in the cells lacking FAK activity. Furthermore, the absence of integrin adhesion or FAK activity destabilized the structural integrity of centrosomes and often caused detachment of pericentriolar material from the centrioles. These data identify a novel adhesion-dependent mechanism by which integrins via FAK and PLK1 contribute to the regulation of the cell cycle in the G2 and early M phases, and to the maintenance of genome integrity.
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| 4. |
- Matskovsky, V., et al.
(författare)
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Summer temperature changes in Tierra del Fuego since AD 1765: atmospheric drivers and tree-ring reconstruction from the southernmost forests of the world
- 2022
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Ingår i: Climate Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-7575 .- 1432-0894. ; 60, s. 1635-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proxy climate records, such as those derived from tree rings, are necessary to extend relatively short instrumental meteorological observations into the past. Tierra del Fuego is the most austral territory with forests in the world, situated close to the Antarctic Peninsula, which makes this region especially interesting for paleoclimatic research. However, high-quality, high-resolution summer temperature reconstruction are lacking in the region. In this study we used 63 tree-ring width chronologies of Nothofagus pumilio and Nothofagus betuloides and partial least squares regression (PLSR) to produce annually resolved December-to-February temperature reconstruction. The resulting reconstruction extends back to AD 1765 and explains 37–50% of instrumental temperature variability. We found that observed summer temperature variability in Tierra del Fuego is primarily driven by the fluctuations of atmospheric pressure systems both in the South Atlantic and South Pacific, while it is insignificantly correlated to major hemispheric modes: El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Southern Annular Mode. This fact makes our reconstruction important for climate modelling experiments, as it represents specific regional variability. Our reconstruction can be used for direct comparison with model outputs to better understand model limitations or to tune a model. The reconstruction can contribute to larger scale reconstructions based on paleoclimatic data assimilation. Moreover, we showed that PLSR has improved performance over principal component regression (PCR) in the case of multiple tree-ring predictors. According to these results, PLSR may be a preferable method over PCR for the use in automated tree-ring based reconstruction approaches, akin widely used point-by-point regression. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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| 5. |
- Sanchez-Donoso, Ines, et al.
(författare)
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Massive genome inversion drives coexistence of divergent morphs in common quails
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 32:2, s. 462-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of population-specific phenotypes often reflects local adaptation or barriers to gene flow. The co-occurrence of phenotypic polymorphisms that are restricted within the range of a highly mobile species is more difficult to explain. An example of such polymorphisms is in the common quail Coturnix coturnix, a small migratory bird that moves widely during the breeding season in search of new mating opportunities, following ephemeral habitats,(1,2) and whose females may lay successive clutches at different locations while migrating.(3) In spite of this vagility, previous studies reported a higher frequency of heavier males with darker throat coloration in the southwest of the distribution (I. Jimenez-Blasco et al., 2015, Int. Union Game Biol., conference). We used population genomics and cytogenetics to explore the basis of this polymorphism and discovered a large inversion in the genome of the common quail. This inversion extends 115 Mbp in length and encompasses more than 7,000 genes (about 12% of the genome), producing two very different forms. Birds with the inversion are larger, have darker throat coloration and rounder wings, are inferred to have poorer flight efficiency, and are geographically restricted despite the high mobility of the species. Stable isotope analyses confirmed that birds carrying the inversion have shorter migratory distances or do not migrate. However, we found no evidence of pre- or post-zygotic isolation, indicating the two forms commonly interbreed and that the polymorphism remains locally restricted because of the effect on behavior. This illustrates a genomic mechanism underlying maintenance of geographically structured polymorphisms despite interbreeding with a lineage with high mobility.
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