| 1. |
- Sandsten, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural conformity and persistence in Dickcissel song are higher in locations in which males show high site fidelity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ornithology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0004-8038 .- 2732-4613. ; 139:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dickcissel (Spiza americana) males occupying territories in cropland sites produced songs that were less similar on average to other Dickcissel songs in their neighborhood than did Dickcissels living in grasslands, where conformity to the local vocal culture was higher. Further, Dickcissel vocal culture changed more quickly over time in cropland sites relative to grassland sites. These differences may have resulted from the lower site fidelity we observed in Dickcissel males in cropland sites relative to grassland sites. We expected this link with site fidelity because we hypothesized that conformity to local culture in Oscine songbirds and the persistence of culture over time and space are promoted by habitats that facilitate stable populations. In contrast, sites in which habitat features cause rapid population turnover provide more territory vacancies and so more opportunities for colonization. Colonization should drive cultural change, either through adult colonists importing foreign cultural variants or young colonists making errors as they learn the local song. This potential link between population turnover and cultural stability may apply to animal cultures more broadly and so may be a fruitful area for further research. Besides the link between site fidelity and cultural change over time, we also investigated the possibility that habitats with different levels of site fidelity might show differences in the spatial scale of song similarity. However, we found no evidence of such a difference. Finally, although our conclusions regarding conformity and change in vocal culture were based on many recorded songs, automated assessments of song similarity imprecisely estimated the overall degree of song similarity. Thus, we may have underestimated the strength of the effects of time and distance on song similarity.
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| 2. |
- Silverstein, Arthur, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of biomarker research in autoimmunity conditions for health professionals and clinical practice
- 2022
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Ingår i: Precision medicine. - : Elsevier. - 9780323997843 ; , s. 219-276
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Medical abzymology has made a great contribution to the development of general autoimmunity theory: it has put the autoantibodies (Ab) as the key brick of the theory to the level of physiological functionality by providing such Ab with the ability to catalyze and mediate direct and independent cytotoxic effect on cellular and molecular targets. Natural catalytic autoantibodies (abzymes) while being a pool of canonical Abs and possessing catalytic activity belong to the new group of physiologically active substances whose features and properties are evolutionary consolidated in one functionally active biomolecule. Therefore, further studies on Ab-mediated autoAg degradation and other targeted Ab-mediated proteolysis may provide biomarkers of newer generations and thus a supplementary tool for assessing the disease progression and predicting disability of the patients and persons at risks. This chapter is a summary of current knowledge and prognostic perspectives toward catalytic Abs in autoimmunity and thus some autoimmune clinical cases, their role in pathogenesis, and the exploitation of both whole molecules and their constituent parts in developing highly effective targeted drugs of the future to come, and thus the therapeutic protocols being individualized.
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| 3. |
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The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 259:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 survey that publicly releases infrared spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the subsurvey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey subsurvey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated value-added catalogs. This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper, Local Volume Mapper, and Black Hole Mapper surveys.
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| 4. |
- Yeap, Bu B, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of Serum Testosterone and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin With Incident Cardiovascular Events in Middle-Aged to Older Men.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annals of internal medicine. - 1539-3704. ; 175:2, s. 159-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of testosterone on risk for cardiovascular events in men is uncertain. Previous observational studies of sex hormones and incident cardiovascular disease in men have reported inconsistent findings, limited by cohort sizes and different selection criteria.To analyze associations of serum total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with incident cardiovascular events in men.Cohort study.UK Biobank prospective cohort.Community-dwelling men aged 40 to 69 years.Testosterone and SHBG were assayed, and free testosterone was calculated. Cox proportional hazards regression was done, with outcomes of incident myocardial infarction (MI), hemorrhagic stroke (HS), ischemic stroke (IS), heart failure (HF), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical factors.Of 210700 men followed for 9 years, 8790 (4.2%) had an incident cardiovascular event. After adjustment for key variables, lower total testosterone concentrations (quintile 1 vs. quintile 5) were not associated with incident MI (fully adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.89 [95% CI, 0.80 to 1.00]), HS (HR, 0.94 [CI, 0.70 to 1.26]), IS (HR, 0.95 [CI, 0.82 to 1.10]), HF (HR, 1.15 [CI, 0.91 to 1.45]), or MACE (HR, 0.92 [CI, 0.84 to 1.00]). Men with lower calculated free testosterone values had a lower incidence of MACE (HR, 0.90 [CI, 0.84 to 0.97]). Lower SHBG concentrations were associated with higher incidence of MI (HR, 1.23 [CI, 1.09 to 1.38]) and lower incidence of IS (HR, 0.79 [CI, 0.67 to 0.94]) and HF (HR, 0.69 [CI, 0.54 to 0.89]), but not with HS (HR, 0.81 [CI, 0.57 to 1.14]) or MACE (HR, 1.01 [CI, 0.92 to 1.11]).Observational study; single baseline measurement of testosterone and SHBG.Men with lower total testosterone concentrations were not at increased risk for MI, stroke, HF, or MACE. Calculated free testosterone may be associated with risk for MACE. Men with lower SHBG concentrations have higher risk for MI but lower risk for IS and HF, with causality to be determined.Western Australian Health Translation Network, Medical Research Future Fund, and Lawley Pharmaceuticals.
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