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- Littleton, JM, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges to medications development in treating alcohol dependence: An international perspective - Summary of a symposium held at the ESBRA Congress, Prague, 13 September 2003
- 2004
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Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3502. ; 39:4, s. 271-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few medications for treating alcohol dependence exist. Greater partnership is needed between academia and the pharmaceutical industry to develop, licence and market efficacious medications for treating alcohol dependence. Methodologies that span the divide between preclinical and large-scale clinical studies need to be developed in order to provide sufficient information on safety, toleration, drug-interaction profile and efficacy, with which to guide development decisions. Due to the heterogeneous nature of alcohol dependence, the effort of developing an efficacious medication is likely to be enhanced by clearer choices about the characteristics of the population. Careful consideration of potential mechanism of action of the putative therapeutic medication should enable the appropriate choice of drinking endpoint. The pharmaceutical industry in collaboration with academia might need to develop new approaches to determining appropriate treatment endpoints with regulatory bodies. The investment risk to industry should be appraised not only in terms of the rather poor results of previous marketing efforts but with a view to the opportunity to penetrate a potentially enormous and largely untapped market.
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- Fransson, C. -M, et al.
(författare)
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Global controller optimization using horowitz bounds
- 2002
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Ingår i: IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline). ; , s. 247-252
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A procedure for global optimization of PID type controller parameters for SISO plants with model uncertainty is presented. Robustness to the uncertainties is guaranteed by the use of Horowitz bounds, which are used as constraints when low frequency performance is optimized. The basic idea of both the optimization and the parameter tuning is to formulate separate criteria for low, mid and high frequency closed loop properties. The trade-off between stability margins, high frequency robustness and low frequency performance is then elucidated and, hence, the final choice of parameters is facilitated. The optimization problems are non-convex and ill-conditioned and we use a combination of new global and standard local optimization algorithms available in the TOMLAB optimization environment to solve the problem. The method does not rely on a good initial guess and converges fast and robustly. It is applied to a controller structure comparison for a plant with an uncertain mechanical resonance. For a given control activity and stability margin as well as identical tuning parameters it is shown that a PID controller achieves slightly improved low frequency performance compared to an H∞ controller based on loop-shaping. The reason for this somewhat surprising result is the roll-off in the H∞ controller, which adds additional high frequency robustness compared to the PID controller. Computationally, a factor of 10-20 has been gained compared to an earlier, less general, version of the procedure.
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